when ye make many prayers, I will not hear. As the project scholar, my role is to advise the process as it rolls out, to give a talk that provides contemporary and historical context and to facilitate the community discussion around the speech against the backdrop of other relevant issues. In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.. I will not. You are all on fire at the mention of liberty for France or for Ireland; but are as cold as an iceberg at the thought of liberty for the enslaved of America. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July by Frederick Douglass annotation? Building off of this, Douglass criticizes the Fugitive Slave Act, holding that in this act, "slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form." Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. Douglass then discusses the internal slave trade in America. whose chains, heavy and grievous yesterday, are, to-day, rendered more intolerable by the jubilee shouts that reach them. [7], The Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1851. The subject has been handled with masterly power by Lysander Spooner, Esq., by William Goodell, by Samuel E. Sewall, Esq., and last, though not least, by Gerritt Smith, Esq. (1982). The eye of the reformer is met with angry flashes, portending disastrous times; but his heart may well beat lighter at the thought that America is young, and that she is still in the impressible stage of her existence. had I the ability, and could I reach the nations ear, I would, to-day, pour out a fiery stream of biting ridicule, blasting reproach, withering sarcasm, and stern rebuke. Over 150,000 persons were sold between 1820 and 1830, and over 300,000 were sold between 1850 and 1860.[15]. The Oratory of Fr. Yea! There are seventy-two crimes in the State of Virginia, which, if committed by a black man, (no matter how ignorant he be), subject him to the punishment of death; while only two of the same crimes will subject a white man to the like punishment. Is that a question for Republicans? See, too, that girl of thirteen, weeping, yes! If any man in this assembly thinks differently from me in this matter, and feels able to disprove my statements, I will gladly confront him at any suitable time and place he may select.I take this law to be one of the grossest infringements of Christian Liberty, and, if the churches and ministers of our country were not stupidly blind, or most wickedly indifferent, they, too, would so regard it.At the very moment that they are thanking God for the enjoyment of civil and religious liberty, and for the right to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, they are utterly silent in respect to a law which robs religion of its chief significance, and makes it utterly worthless to a world lying in wickedness. It is called (in contradistinction to the foreign slave-trade) the internal slave trade. It is, probably, called so, too, in order to divert from it the horror with which the foreign slave-trade is contemplated. be warned! If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. [4], The speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" When the dogs in your streets, when the fowls of the air, when the cattle on your hills, when the fish of the sea, and the reptiles that crawl, shall be unable to distinguish the slave from a brute, then will I argue with you that the slave is a man!For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. Hear his savage yells and his blood-chilling oaths, as he hurries on his affrighted captives! To find out what elements make the speech 'What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?' His own testimony is nothing. The Celestial Empire, the mystery of ages, is being solved. Your fathers were wise men, and if they did not go mad, they became restive under this treatment. We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. The occasion was the Society's Fourth of July celebration, but Douglass refused to give the speech on July 4; he would not celebrate the holiday so long as African Americans remained enslaved. The fate of many a slave has depended upon the turn of a single card; and many a child has been snatched from the arms of its mother by bargains arranged in a state of brutal drunkenness.The flesh-mongers gather up their victims by dozens, and drive them, chained, to the general depot at Baltimore. At some future period I will gladly avail myself of an opportunity to give this subject a full and fair discussion.Allow me to say, in conclusion, notwithstanding the dark picture I have this day presented of the state of the nation, I do not despair of this country. It is not that pure and undefiled religion which is from above, and which is first pure, then peaceable, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. But a religion which favors the rich against the poor; which exalts the proud above the humble; which divides mankind into two classes, tyrants and slaves; which says to the man in chains, stay there; and to the oppressor, oppress on; it is a religion which may be professed and enjoyed by all the robbers and enslavers of mankind; it makes God a respecter of persons, denies his fatherhood of the race, and tramples in the dust the great truth of the brotherhood of man. His agents were sent into every town and county in Maryland, announcing their arrival, through the papers, and on flaming hand-bills, headed CASH FOR NEGROES. nor the perfect gage I think I have of Corinthian Hall, the slave plantation, from which I escaped, and trusting to your patient and generous indulgence, I will proceed to lay them before you, This, for the purpose of this celebration, is the 4th of July. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? In an 1868 speech, he said, No man should be excluded from the government on the basis of his color, no woman on account of her sex. He argues that the Constitution does not permit slavery, contrary to the claims of contemporary defenders of the institution. You have already declared it. No nation can now shut itself up from the surrounding world, and trot round in the same old path of its fathers without interference. Douglass then pivots to the present, stating that "We have to do with the past only as we can make it useful to the present and to the future". We are met on the threshold of our efforts for the redemption of the slave, by the church and ministry of the country, in battle arrayed against us; and we are compelled to fight or flee. Were not only going to be reading books like White Fragility, and Divided by Faith, but were also going to read and watch a number of speeches by Martin Luther King Jr., and documentaries like 13th and King in the Wilderness, as we try to get at the root of racial division so we can come together to remove it. They acknowledge it when they punish disobedience on the part of the slave. The evil that men do, lives after them, The good is oft-interred with their bones. In "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" Frederick Douglass sought not only to convince people of the wrongfulness of slavery but also to make abolition more acceptable to Northern whites. The well-known speech was previously known as The Meaning of July the Fourth for the Negro. Later, the speech was re-titled based on Douglasss question, What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July?. [26] After the Civil War, Douglass said that "we" had achieved a great thing by gaining American independence during the American Revolutionary War, though he said it was not as great as what was achieved by the Civil War. In the language of Isaiah, the American church might be well addressed, Bring no more vain ablations; incense is an abomination unto me: the new moons and Sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity even the solemn meeting. Rhetoricians R. L. Heath and D. Waymer refer to this as the "paradox of the positive" because it highlights how something positive and meant to be positive can also exclude individuals. Great Britain, and many other countries of that time, had already abolished slavery from its territories. In the end, Douglass wants to keep his hope and faith in humanity high. You glory in your refinement and your universal education yet you maintain a system as barbarous and dreadful as ever stained the character of a nationa system begun in avarice, supported in pride, and perpetuated in cruelty. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. Where these are, man is not sacred. There, the question of emancipation was a high religious question. Text Frederick Douglass, " What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour.Go where you may, search where you will, roam through all the monarchies and despotisms of the old world, travel through South America, search out every abuse, and when you have found the last, lay your facts by the side of the everyday practices of this nation, and you will say with me, that, for revolting barbarity and shameless hypocrisy, America reigns without a rival.Take the American slave-trade, which, we are told by the papers, is especially prosperous just now. That is a question Frederick Douglass posed 169 Julys ago in a speech to a group of abolitionists, one that's become perhaps his most famous. Let it be thundered around the world, that, in tyrant-killing, king-hating, people-loving, democratic, Christian America, the seats of justice are filled with judges, who hold their offices under an open and palpable bribe, and are bound, in deciding in the case of a mans liberty, hear only his accusers!In glaring violation of justice, in shameless disregard of the forms of administering law, in cunning arrangement to entrap the defenseless, and in diabolical intent, this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation. It makes its pathway over and under the sea, as well as on the earth. The slaveholders themselves acknowledge it in the enactment of laws for their government. The time for such argument is passed.At a time like this, scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed. in preference to the gospel, as preached by those Divines! For there, they that carried us away captive, required of us a song; and they who wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. They strip the love of God of its beauty, and leave the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form. Stauffer, John. For who is there so cold, that a nations sympathy could not warm him? The Bible addresses all such persons as scribes, Pharisees, hypocrites, who pay tithe of mint, anise, and cumin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy and faith.But the church of this country is not only indifferent to the wrongs of the slave, it actually takes sides with the oppressors. I will not equivocate; I will not excuse;. Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" in 1852, drawing parallels between the Revolutionary War and the fight to abolish slavery. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? Yea! It is fashionable to do so; but there was a time when to pronounce against England, and in favor of the cause of the colonies, tried mens souls. A worship that can be conducted by persons who refuse to give shelter to the houseless, to give bread to the hungry, clothing to the naked, and who enjoin obedience to a law forbidding these acts of mercy, is a curse, not a blessing to mankind. There is consolation in the thought that America is young. With this product, you can choose to either have your students read the entire speech and annotate and analyze Douglass' rhetorical devices or you can choose to have your students read shorter excerpts from the speech and do an abbreviated annotation and analysis of rhetorical devices. They are a trouble to me; I am weary to bear them; and when ye spread forth your hands I will hide mine eyes from you. Your President, your Secretary of State, your lords, nobles, and ecclesiastics, enforce, as a duty you owe to your free and glorious country, and to your God, that you do this accursed thing. According to this fact, you are, even now, only in the beginning of your national career, still lingering in the period of childhood. ROY: Douglass wrote the speech in the wake of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which effectively extended the reach of slave power in the South throughout the rest of the country. He is a bird for the sportsmans gun. Not everyone. There is blasphemy in the thought. He wrote and presented a speech that challenged . I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. Frederick Douglass, born a slave and later the most influential African American leader of the 1800s, addresses the hypocrisy of the US of maintaining slavery with its upheld ideals being freedom and independence on July 4th, 1852. In this collection, students will review the life of Frederick Douglass and learn about one of his most famous speeches, "The Meaning of Fourth of July for the Negro" (it is also commonly referred to as "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July). Must I undertake to prove that the slave is a man? Mr. President, Friends and Fellow Citizens: He who could address this audience without a quailing sensation, has stronger nerves than I have. The anguish of my boyish heart was intense; and I was often consoled, when speaking to my mistress in the morning, to hear her say that the custom was very wicked; that she hated to hear the rattle of the chains, and the heart-rending cries. Students also viewed What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? He describes the legislation as "tyrannical," and believes that it is in "violation of justice.". Table of Contents. I lived on Philpot Street, Fells Point, Baltimore, and have watched from the wharves, the slave ships in the Basin, anchored from the shore, with their cargoes of human flesh, waiting for favorable winds to waft them down the Chesapeake. They perambulate the country, and crowd the highways of the nation, with droves of human stock. Because the church stood behind the decision to abolish the selling and buying of people, so did the rest of the country. Douglass, Frederick, ed. Creative people have bypassed gatekeepers for centuries to distribute what they wanted to share so badly. They find common ground in Houghton Library exhibition. I will show you a man-drover. How can we sing the Lords song in a strange land? I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. [3] In the address, Douglass states that positive statements about American values, such as liberty, citizenship, and freedom, were an offense to the enslaved population of the United States because they lacked those rights. Frederick Douglass, a well-known Black writer, orator, and abolitionist was asked to address an anti-slavery group on the July 4 holiday in 1852. For it is not light that is needed, but fire; it is not the gentle shower, but thunder. It is the birthday of your National Independence, and of your political freedom. 2. From the slave prison to the ship, they are usually driven in the darkness of night; for since the antislavery agitation, a certain caution is observed.In the deep still darkness of midnight, I have been often aroused by the dead heavy footsteps, and the piteous cries of the chained gangs that passed our door. I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. [Throughout the speech] Douglass looks at the contradictions between the reality of slavery and the lofty claims of a just society outlined in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Further, if this demand were not complied with, another Scotland would be added to the history of religious liberty, and the stern old Covenanters would be thrown into the shade. when ye make many prayers, I will not hear. The 4th of July is the first great fact in your nations historythe very ring-bolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destiny. But, while the river may not be turned aside, it may dry up, and leave nothing behind but the withered branch, and the unsightly rock, to howl in the abyss-sweeping wind, the sad tale of departed glory. Nevertheless, Douglass claims that this can change. When you can point to any such laws, in reference to the beasts of the field, then I may consent to argue the manhood of the slave. dismay. In spite of his praise of the Founding Fathers, he maintains that slaves owe nothing to and have no positive feelings towards the founding of the United States. [Under the Act] it became illegal not to arrest and return runaway slaves. The speech notes the contradiction of the national ethos of United States and the way enslaved persons are treated. Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here to-day? [17] This act drew the ire of the abolitionist movement,[9] and was directly criticized by Douglass in his speech. welcome atheism! that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. During the Civil War, Douglass said that since Massachusetts had been the first state to join the Patriot cause during the American Revolutionary War, black men should go to Massachusetts to enlist in the Union Army. During the 1850's, the Fourth of July served as a reminder of the many horrors and injustices in the world. we wept when we remembered Zion. Nobody doubts it. I doubt if there be another nation on the globe, having the brass and the baseness to put such a law on the statute-book. It is the antagonistic force in your government, the only thing that seriously disturbs and endangers your Union. Albert Barnes but uttered what the common sense of every man at all observant of the actual state of the case will receive as truth, when he declared that There is no power out of the church that could sustain slavery an hour, if it were not sustained in it.Let the religious press, the pulpit, the Sunday school, the conference meeting, the great ecclesiastical, missionary, Bible and tract associations of the land array their immense powers against slavery and slave-holding; and the whole system of crime and blood would be scattered to the winds; and that they do not do this involves them in the most awful responsibility of which the mind can conceive.In prosecuting the anti-slavery enterprise, we have been asked to spare the church, to spare the ministry; but how, we ask, could such a thing be done? To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.I have detained my audience entirely too long already. We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. Alison Drasner, the project coordinator for the Somerville Museum, teamed up with Dave Ortega at the Somerville Media Center to prerecord voices of 50 Somerville residents, including my 7-year-old daughter, Charlotte, to read sections of the speech. What is now known as the "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" speech was delivered on July 5, 1852 as an address to the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society in Rochester, New York. [5] Many copies of one section of it, beginning in paragraph 32, have been circulated online. Assignment in book chapter School Alief Early College High School Course English language and literature (ELL2002) Uploaded by God Academic year2021/2022 Helpful? GAZETTE: What is something you have discovered about Douglass while researching this speech and his work more broadly that people might be surprised to learn? $ 3.60. Oppression makes a wise man mad. These wretched people are to be sold singly, or in lots, to suit purchasers. How should I look to-day, in the presence of Americans, dividing, and subdividing a discourse, to show that men have a natural right to freedom? Sign up for daily emails to get the latest Harvardnews. Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cuminabridge the fight to sing psalms, to partake of the sacrament, or to engage in any of the ceremonies of religion, it would be smitten by the thunder of a thousand pulpits. I do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this 4th of July! In this respect, Douglass's views converged with that of Abraham Lincoln's[25] in that those politicians who were saying that the Constitution was a justification for their beliefs in regard to slavery were doing so dishonestly. Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. These men were generally well dressed men, and very captivating in their manners. The oath of any two villains is sufficient, under this hell-black enactment, to send the most pious and exemplary black man into the remorseless jaws of slavery! There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour. With brave men there is always a remedy for oppression. Need I remind you that a similar thing is being done all over this country to-day? Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth. We have to do with the past only as we can make it useful to the present and to the future. Some of these have had wives and children, dependent on them for bread; but of this, no account was made. It has been denounced with burning words, from the high places of the nation, as an execrable traffic. His very existence gave the lie to slave owners: with dignity and great intelligence he bore witness to the brutality of slavery. They went so far in their excitement as to pronounce the measures of government unjust, unreasonable, and oppressive, and altogether such as ought not to be quietly submitted to. Douglass says that if the residents of America believe that slaves are "men",[20]:342 they should be treated as such. The iron shoe, and crippled foot of China must be seen, in contrast with nature. We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term. Douglass referred not only to the captivity of enslaved people, but to the merciless exploitation and the cruelty and torture that slaves were subjected to in the United States. GAZETTE: This is your second year as host of Reading Frederick Douglass Together in Somerville. that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. The anti-slavery movement there was not an anti-church movement, for the reason that the church took its full share in prosecuting that movement: and the anti-slavery movement in this country will cease to be an anti-church movement, when the church of this country shall assume a favorable, instead or a hostile position towards that movement. In the second part of the speech, Douglass turns to the present and his own feelings about the 4th of July . The speech 'What to the Slaves is the Fourth of July' projected the American Day of Independence from a slave's point of view and brought to light the horrific experiences of slavery. Wells, which was incorporated into the preface of her 1892 pamphlet Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases.. What to the American slave is your Fourth of July? You may rejoice, I must mourn. 2. Douglass declares that true freedom can not exist in America if Black people are still enslaved there and is adamant that the end of slavery is near. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. Wind, steam, and lightning are its chartered agents. In his speech, "The Hypocrisy of American Slavery . But a change has now come over the affairs of mankind. May of Syracuse, and my esteemed friend (Rev. Is it not astonishing that, while we are ploughing, planting and reaping, using all kinds of mechanical tools, erecting houses, constructing bridges, building ships, working in metals of brass, iron, copper, silver and gold; that, while we are reading, writing and cyphering, acting as clerks, merchants and secretaries, having among us lawyers, doctors, ministers, poets, authors, editors, orators and teachers; that, while we are engaged in all manner of enterprises common to other men, digging gold in California, capturing the whale in the Pacific, feeding sheep and cattle on the hill-side, living, moving, acting, thinking, planning, living in families as husbands, wives and children, and, above all, confessing and worshipping the Christians God, and looking hopefully for life and immortality beyond the grave, we are called upon to prove that we are men!Would you have me argue that man is entitled to liberty? Douglass then returns to the topic of the founding of the United States. 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