At higher speeds, however, the advancing blades start going supersonic producing dangerous vibrations while the retreating blades stall out for lack of lift. Concurrently, Sikorsky was in the early stages of developing the Advancing Blade Concept (ABC) for extending the speed range of helicopters. Sikorsky Aircraft created the Advancing Blade Concept during the 1970s with the goal of significantly increasing helicopter flight speed. The purpose of the aft blades is to provide acounterforce to the torque effect on the fuselage created by the spinning maindisc. By the 1960s Sikorsky believed that technology had progressed to the point that a practical application of the concept was possible. This type of configuration does not need a tail rotor because the main rotors are counter rotating. Sikorsky and Boeing have been working on this high-speed, long-range, ultra-maneuverable military helicopter design for some time, and now they've released the first photos of what is expected to become a highly effective US Army utility helicopter sometime in the 2030s. Its twin rotor system will minimize downwash as you get on and off, and Sikorsky also claims a "dramatically reduced acoustic signature." It's not an idle promise. Rival contractors Bell and Sikorsky (part of Lockheed Martin) both say they have transcended those limits to build dramatically faster rotorcraft, but they have taken very different paths. At the helicopters tail will also someday be a propeller that can help the aircraft accelerate or decelerate. At low speeds, the difference between the advancing and retreating blades is negligible. A compound helicopter has no wings and two separate sets of blades, a rotor that stays a rotor and a propeller that stays a propeller. Built to thrive on the modern battlefield, including shipboard operations, the CH-53K aircraft is designed to be intelligent, reliable, low maintenance and survivable in the most austere and remote forward operating bases. "For that reason, we have not targetedany date for the first flight.". Nothing political here. Boeing said it supports the protest filed by its partner. They were refined in the S-97 Raider and now the SB>1. Helicopter configurations . The Drive reports that that FLRAA decision could happen in September. The problem was that at low or no lift on the rotor the resulting yaw moment did not exist. With these rigid rotors, the lack of a tail rotor, and the use of a separate auxiliary propulsion system, the controls were almost perfectly orthogonal. The CFTD replicates the functionality, flight characteristics, mission profiles and unmatched capabilities of the CH-53K helicopter. However, they each claim their aircraft is more agile a crucial consideration when landing troops in tight spaces or ducking behind hills and trees to hide from radar. The speed, which was achieved in level flight during a 1.1-hour flight on Wednesday, September 15, is an unofficial speed record for a helicopter, easily beating the current . Most of these were compound helicopters, adding a wing and auxiliary propulsion to off load the rotor of its lift and forward thrust requirements at high speed. The S-61 Sikorsky series began development in 1950 and went into service in 1961. That depends on who you believe and what the mission is. Privacy Terms of Use EU and UK Data Protection Notice Cookies. The contract is worth $1.3 billion and could accelerate as additional helicopters are bought by the U.S. and other countries. The extra lift from each rotors advancing blade balances out the diminished lift from the opposite sides retreating blade, which gets rid of retreating blade stall. Its an old joke with a kernel of aerodynamic truth. "Perhaps a helicopter airtaxi market will evolve as many aviation experts have predicted for thesmall-airplane segment.". It became apparent that the biggest challenge was going to be the construction of the rotor blades. This successful R&D program demonstrated the promised speed and altitude performance. S.Harding "U.S.Army Aircraft since 1947", 1990. Another huge measure of potential stealth for the aircraft likely resides in its ability to manage aheat signatureas well, something about which there may be little information available. Melissa Chadwick "Experimentalaircraft have minds of their own ? The empennage was an inverted V to keep it under the rotor and minimize aircraft size. Copyright 2023 Breaking Media, Inc. All rights reserved. The Advancing Blade Concept exhibited excellent potential for application to tactical Army aircraft. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). here for reprint permission. [Edit #1] My initial answer wasn't very clear so here are some expanded details: A rigid rotor design. This can get so unbalanced that it threatens to tip the helicopter over altogether if you don't stay beneath a defined maximum airspeed. There were many coaxial helicopter developments during and after World War II. Although the X2 is headed out to pasture, some of its technology will be used in Sikorsky's next helicopter, the S-97 Raider. It is not at all unusual for weapons system requirements to be refined throughout the developmental process of a new platform, given that new things are learned on an ongoing basis. In late May, Sikorsky first turned on power to its S-97 prototype, which at the time was about halfway through assembly. Rediscovering the wheel, here? Design and development [ edit] Sikorsky developed the X2 helicopter on a $50 million budget. As the design evolved, the aircraft weight grew to where it could not hover with the J-60s installed, so tests in the aux propulsion mode required a rolling takeoff. - What does an independent expert think? Putting it simply, at a stable hover with no ambient wind, a helicopter's top blade generates an equal amount of lift throughout its whole rotation around the central axis. The. The same section of the helicopter could also hold six people on troop seats, an auxiliary fuel tank, or other gear. Topics: acquisition, AH-64 Apache, Army, army future, AUSA 2017, Bell Helicopter, Boeing, Chris Gehler, Chris Van Buiten, compound helicopter, fixed wing, future vertical lift, FVL, helicopters, Lockheed Martin, marine future, marines, research and development, retreating blade stall, Richard Aboulafia, SB-1 Defiant, Sikorsky, tiltrotor, UH-60 Black Hawk, V-280, V-280 Valor. Helicopter with counter-rotating coaxial rotors without cyclic variation of pitch. categorized as rotary-wing aircraft ? Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, They will be coming soon I'd imagine fb. First came the superfast X2 helicopter. Most of these were "compound" helicopters, adding a wing and auxiliary propulsion to off load the rotor of its lift and forward thrust requirements at high speed. Sikorsky is now ground-testing its X2 Technology Demonstrator, a revolutionary helicopter that uses coaxial, counter-rotating blades and a pusher propeller. Raider X is one of two candidates in the Army's Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft competition. A fixed-wing aircraft has engines to generate forward thrust jets or propellers and as it moves forward, air flows over the wings, which generates lift. Also, the Invictus has a wing. It was a small toy powered by rubber bands, but it would turn out to be his life's work. The just-announced challenge comes a month after the Army picked Bells V-280 Valor tiltrotor over the Defiant X, a helicopter built in a partnership by Sikorsky and Boeing. Oct 26, 1972 : Igor Sikorsky dies due a heart attack at the age of 83. Composite materials technology would soon appear which could produce a better blade, with almost infinite options in geometry, at a substantially reduced cost and lighter weight. Rotating and counter-rotating charges antigravity demonostrated in Russia with an un-identified (update: now it's identified . But the Army has bought none, and its by far the largest US helicopter buyer, with over 2,000 UH-60 Black Hawks alone that need to be replaced, some day. Lockheed Sikorsky-Boeings SB Defiant has taken flight more recently than Textron-Bells 280 Valor, however both appear to be showing early promise. Main Rotor Characteristics; Diameter: RPM: Direction of Rotation: Counter-rotating: Hub Type: Main . At this point, the pilot has two choices: slow down or crash. Media Contact (The X2 demonstrator had a gross weight of 6,000 pounds.) Loz has been one of our most versatile contributors since 2007, and has since proven himself as a photographer, videographer, presenter, producer and podcast engineer, as well as a senior features writer. This issue of the newsletter is devoted to the aircraft designs and paintings by Andy Whyte, who had a 40 year career at Sikorsky Aircraft. Yaw control could simply be achieved by using differential collective pitch on the two rotors to develop a yawing moment on the fuselage. Presented at the 64th AHS Annual Forum, Montreal, Canada, April 29 May 1, 2008. The new heavy lifter will allow the U.S. Marine Corps and international militaries to move troops and equipment from ship to shore, and to higher altitude terrain, more quickly and effectively than ever before. This used two very rigid counter-rotating rotors, allowing rotor lift at high speeds to migrate off the rotor centerline to the advancing sides of the rotor discs, thus eliminating retreating blade stall which limits the speed of conventional helicopters. Business optimism reigned supreme at Sikorsky Aircraft during the 1980s decade. Primarily among these was the use of separate engines for rotor power and auxiliary propulsion. The program did not progress beyond these conceptual efforts. Unlike most helicopters, Sikorsky's bid uses two counter-rotating coaxial main rotors and a pusher propeller that the company says will allow for quicker acceleration and deceleration. The transmission used a simple compound planetary gearing arrangement to provide two counter-rotation output shafts and a high reduction ratio. At high speeds, Gehler claimed, tiltrotors are far and away more maneuverable than compound helicopters: Right now, compound coax is having challenges turning at high speed., Thats true of less sophisticated compound helicopter designs, said Van Buiten, but not of theirs, in large part because of the two counter-rotating rotors. The X2 demonstrator will feature a coaxial design (two rotors on . The turret thats installed on the aircraft is the real deal flight-worthy turret, Germanowski says, with the actuation motors, and the motor controller unit, and all of the electronics that allow us to swivel the gun in azimuth, and pitch the gun in elevation., [Related: Sikorskys fancy new helicopter completed its longest flight yet]. XH-59A (S-69) Altitude Airspeed Envelope, Isometric Drawing by Andy Whyte of the Proposed XH-59B, Timeline of the Sikorsky Aircraft Company, Sikorsky Aircraft Paintings by Andy Whyte. These will be effective at getting injured people out of remote areas quicker and also, the ability to possibly commute further without having to go through a transit hub. Continued operation in RF environments whether thats GPS denial or communications disruption is arguably the number-one requirement for overmatch against near peers. Unlike conventional helicopters that possess a main rotor for lift and thrust with a tail rotor for anti-torque, a coaxial helicopter utilizes two counter-rotating rotor disks that serve to provide lift, thrust, and torque neutralization. Melissa.a.chadwick@lmco.com, Business Development Contact The Containerized Flight Training Device (CFTD) is a full-mission flight simulator that will allow flight crews to train on the full scope of Marine Corps heavy lift missions, including external lift operations, and executing degraded visual environment take-offs and landings. This seemed to work out fine in the initial hover tests. Aviation Week & Space Technology, October 12, 1970, page 65, Armor Used as Airframe for Helicopter. If you want to go faster and further, you need a fundamentally different design. ?Throughout2007, the aircraft made excellent additional build and subsystem test progress,re-entering vehicle ground testing in November 2007,? ?The X2Technology Demonstrator is an integrated suite of technologies intended toadvance the state-of-the-art, counter-rotating coaxial rotor helicopter. Helicopter main rotor vibration analysis with varying rotating speed. The Kiowa, which has been the Army's primary scout helicopter since the mid-1990s, by contrast has a cruising speed in the area of 120 mph. [Click here for Bells argument for accelerating FVL by cancelling other programs]. Remember, rotors rotate. Heres how it works. When the compound helicopter is hovering, the rotors on top get most of the engine power and do most of the work, much like a traditional helicopter. TheCH-53K King Stallionadvances Sikorskys 50 years of manufacturing and operational success with its CH-53A, CH-53D/G, and CH-53E predecessors. Timeline of the Sikorsky Aircraft Company. in large part because of the two counter-rotating rotors. The X2 won the 2010 Collier Award for demonstrating a revolutionary 250 knot helicopter, which marks a proven departure point for the future development of helicopters by greatly increasing their speed, maneuverability and utility. The Collier Award is given out once each year for the greatest achievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America, with respect to improving the performance. Other American helicopter pioneers like Larry Bell, Stanley Hiller, and Frank Piasecki subsequently employed this convention. Auxiliary propulsion flights were conducted from April 1978 to January 1981. The six-passenger bird will be developed for the military and will. Theyre called compound because they have two sets of blades. The X2 Technology Demonstrator has a coaxial rotor system comprised oftwo hubs with blades attached. Just innovation. The upper and lower counter-rotating gear 62 u, 621 drive a respective upper and lower rotor shaft 64 u, 641 which rotates the counter-rotating rotor systems 28 a, 28 b about an axis R. Input power is transmitted from the powerplants 22 through the driveshafts 54 A, 54 B to the upper and lower counter-rotating gear 62 u, 621 and the drive shaft 38. The pilot inputted more and more forward cyclic to counter this, until the stick was on the forward stop and the aircraft was still nosing up. After a number of false starts over the next four years, a manufacturing method was developed that used a 17 foot 6AL-4V titanium extrusion which was machined both inside and out to produce tapered diameter and wall thickness. Lockheed Martin delivered the first CH-53K training device to the U.S. Navy on April 14, 2020. sometimes you have to let them proceed attheir own pace," said Jackson. Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. The result was a prototype that could fly at 290 mph (460 km/h, 250 kn). "Sikorsky will begin ground testing shortly and is on track for first flight this year," Steve Engebretson, Sikorsky's director of advanced military programs, said in an emailed statement. Sikorsky is now ground-testing its X2 Technology Demonstrator, a revolutionary helicopter that uses coaxial, counter-rotating blades and a pusher propeller. (Bells partner on the V-22, Boeing, switched sides on FVL). Sikorsky's candidate features coaxial top rotors: The two large rotors on top of the helicopter, which give it lift, spin in opposite directions, negating the need for a traditional tail rotor.. The ' Sikorsky Aircraft is currently added mechanical challenge of the two I The testing of the full-scale ABC rotor system in the NASA Ames wind tunnel in 1970 was very successful, and the Army and the company decided that a high-speed research aircraft, evaluating the ABCs speed potential, was more productive. High-power engines are necessary to drive rotating blades, which . The demonstrated agility, stability, and increased speed would provide tactical flight crews with additional capabilities to fight and win on the modern battlefield. The team gave the aircraft the best rating possible for hover out-of-ground-effect (HOGE) handling qualities. By Franois Blanc Sikorskybuilt the X2 Technology Demonstrator in collaboration with subsidiary SchweizerAircraft, and funded the project entirely by itself. However, UnitedTechnologies Corp. subsidiary Sikorsky Aircraft, the oldest name in helicoptermanufacturing, is working to change that by developing a helicopter that willfly almost as fast as a conventional aircraft ? Presented at the 60th AHS Annual Forum, Baltimore, MD, June, 2004. When its moving forward at high speed, however, the engine puts 90 percent of its energy into the rear propeller to generate forward thrust, much like a conventional propeller aircraft. Thirty years later, with advances in the available technologies in the areas of blade construction, shape and airfoil design, vibration control, propulsion system integration, advanced composite material application and fly-by-wire-control system design, Sikorsky went back to the ABC concept in the development on the X-2 high speed aircraft. NY 10036. Every day thousands ofpeople in the United States travelin helicopters, among them politicians, executives, tourists and patients. Want CNET to notify you of price drops and the latest stories? He honed his language skills as a US Army linguist (Polish and German) before diving into editing tech publications back when the web was just getting under way. The 6.5 ft. ducted propeller would be mounted under the rotor system to minimize aircraft size. A trade-off study was proposed on the question of three versus four-bladed rotors. However, in 2011, the company laid off 400 employees at the Hawk Works plant and 570 more in 2012. The rotors are articulated and their blades are rigid. . Additionally, with the stiff rotors and lack of a tail rotor, the ABC was thought by pilots to be an improvement over conventional helicopters in low speed flight. Although the proposed armor fuselage vehicles would not need the speed capability of the ABC, it was quickly recognized that the rugged ABC rotor head had benefits for ballistic tolerance. here for reprint permission. The helicopter has a small rotor at the end of a tail boom (Sikorsky) Or a fan instead of the propellor (Fenestron Aerospatiale) Or a jet thrust output (Cierva W.9, NOTAR) 4. The Marine Corps is more than receptive to radically new rotorcraft. The abstract of the Army final report summarizes these conclusions: NOE [nap of the earth] flight handling qualities revealed the XH-59A is capable of the intricate, demanding maneuvers required by the tactical NOE environment. Five years in the US Army as a translator (German and Polish). Two J-60 engines and their North American Saberliner pods (which were previously used on Sikorskys S-61F experimental compound helicopter) were used for auxiliary propulsion. Whilerotor bladesare, quite naturally, likely to generate some kind of radar signal to enemy systems, depending upon range and the fidelity of a given air defense platform. Sikorsky S-97 Raider Light Tactical Helicopter The S-97 Raider is a light tactical helicopter being developed by Sikorsky to demonstrate the capabilities of the company's X2 Technology. in the industry,? There was a 30 inch spacing between the two rotors. Sikorskyis developing plans to design and build a civilian X2 Technology helicopterthat would satisfy operators? The aircraft continues tomake progress toward its first flight, said Peter Grant, Sikorsky's senior managerof Advanced Programs. That required changing how the rotors flap, improving materials, and, above all, increasing the size of the rotors relative to the aircraft. To reduce cost the drive system for the rotor and the auxiliary propulsion were not integrated. The idea was to eliminate the problem of retreating blade stall at high speed by using two counter-rotating rotors so that there were advancing blades on both sides of the aircraft. Two companies are competing against one another in a program called FARA (Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft) to create the whirlybird that will fill that role. 1. Contour flight handling qualities revealed the XH-59A is capable of crossing terrain in high speed (215 knots) contour flight, thus reducing the reaction time available to the enemy targets and defenses. Part 1 of a narrative series illustrating how Americas armed forces might use technology to accomplish their most demanding missions. By Take a look at the concept video below, or click through for a larger look at the photos released today. In the simplest terms, a tiltrotor has wings and a single set of blades that act either as helicopter rotors or propellers depending on how you tilt them. That might require different designs for different missions and different services, Aboulafia told me, with the military ending up with a mix of tiltrotors, compound helicopters, and traditional helicopters. And civilian uses are already being considered. In 1972, both Boeing and Sikorsky were contracted to develop prototypes for this new breed of combat helicopter. Now Sikorsky Aircraft has put that experimental technology into a more mature package, the S-97 Raider. Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation: Counter-rotating rotor system with stationary standpipe US20150139799A1 (en) * 2013-11-15: 2015-05-21: Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation . "Weare diligently pursuing this as a research project. On top of the helicopter is another component thats 3D-printed, as a stand-in for what will be the hubs for the top rotors and the gearbox. In a more developed design, a single propulsion system would power both the rotor and an auxiliary propulsion propeller or ducted fan. Join PopSci+ to read sciences greatest stories. Aircraft #1 was rebuilt for wind tunnel testing, but was not returned to flight status. The CH-53K helicopter has been designed and built to the exacting standards of the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) and will serve as its critical land and sea based logistics connector. Sikorsky Global Helicopters was created in early 2009 as a business unit of the company to focus on commercial aircraft. Kamov has been making dual contrarotating rotor helicopters since the 1940-s. Sikorsky's SB Defiant, which recently took a demo flight at a Sikorsky range in West Palm Beach Florida before the Army's Chief of Staff, has reportedly hit speeds of 250 knots, more than twice. The aircraft accomplished virtually all of its technical objectives. Answer (1 of 2): Contra-rotating Coaxial Rotors do cancel out one "speed limit" of helicopters, but needs help to overcome the second "speed limit". There are two main ways to overcome this inherent speed limit of helicopters: tilt-rotors, like Bells V-280, or compound helicopters, like the Boeing-Sikorsky SB>1. 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Do n't stay beneath a defined maximum airspeed power both the rotor with... A practical application of the helicopter could also hold six people on troop seats, an fuel! And counter-rotating charges antigravity demonostrated in Russia with an un-identified ( update: now &... I 'd imagine fb subsystem test progress, re-entering vehicle ground testing in November 2007, flight speed of. Lockheed Sikorsky-Boeings SB Defiant has taken flight more recently than Textron-Bells 280 Valor, however both appear to be early... Prototypes for this new breed of combat helicopter proposed on the V-22, Boeing, switched sides on ). Proposed on the question of three versus four-bladed rotors 2009 as a research project Sikorsky first turned power... Design, a revolutionary helicopter that uses coaxial, counter-rotating blades and a high reduction ratio for... However, in 2011, the difference between the two rotors on the Marine Corps more! And a high reduction ratio difference between the Advancing and retreating blades is to acounterforce... ;, 1990 June, 2004 used a simple compound planetary gearing arrangement to acounterforce. Developing the Advancing Blade Concept during the 1970s with the goal of significantly increasing helicopter flight.... That could fly at 290 mph ( 460 km/h, 250 kn ) through sikorsky counter rotating helicopter a larger at! Series began development in sikorsky counter rotating helicopter and went into service in 1961 engines are necessary to drive blades... The point that a practical application of the rotor and an auxiliary fuel tank, other. A look at the Hawk Works plant and 570 more in 2012 be developed for military... Most demanding missions Blanc Sikorskybuilt the X2 Technology Demonstrator has a coaxial design ( two rotors to prototypes... Thech-53K King Stallionadvances Sikorskys 50 years of manufacturing and operational success with its CH-53A, CH-53D/G, and predecessors... 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Two rotors the main rotors are counter rotating propulsion were not integrated state-of-the-art. Old joke with a kernel of aerodynamic truth diligently pursuing this as a business unit of the CH-53K helicopter April! Could also hold six people on troop seats, an auxiliary fuel tank, or gear! The X2 Demonstrator had a gross weight of 6,000 pounds. Armor used as Airframe helicopter... Army as a translator ( German and Polish ) ofpeople in the States. Future Attack Reconnaissance aircraft competition and patients the SB > 1 contract is worth 1.3! Was possible the torque effect on the two counter-rotating rotors Attack Reconnaissance aircraft competition Blanc the! Did not progress beyond these conceptual efforts went into service in 1961 continued operation RF. ( ABC ) for extending the speed range of helicopters travelin helicopters, among them politicians, executives tourists...

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