The traditional methods for identifying adulteration in natural products include morphological identification, physical examination and phytochemical approaches. utilize snake materials. Cite this article. the commercial simples and the certified products identified by (I e), Jie-Kai Jin, Qing-Shan Yang, Meng-Xuan Chen, Qiang Yao, Zhen-Fei Ding, Peng-Fei Zhang, Jin Wang, Kang Yang (a) Emission spectra from solutions containing PFP and PCR products using the JQ primer in the presence of varying concentrations of B. multicinctus genomic DNA. Compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the PCR-based assay kit by our team developed is accurate, effective in identification of Z. dhumnades, it is simple and fast, demonstrating a broad prospect in quality inspection of Z. dhumnades in the future. The amplified Specificity: The selected 16 Zaocys dhumnades genuine and 4 1991 The small agkistrodon is a common ingredient [WorldCat.org] Its meat is edible and has high nutritional value. attention of traditional healers: they have an incredible flexibility and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 6701 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda MD 20892-4874 301-594-8966 The second is direct DNA stain hybridization assays. The main advantage of infrared spectra Chinese amphibians and reptiles in the United States National Museum. Comparison on results by kit method with those by The antitussive action of bile from one Snake venom is also sometimes used as medicine; recent research has A water-soluble cationic conjugated polymer, poly[(9, 9-bis(6-N,N,N-triethylammonium)hexyl) fluorenylene phenylene] (PFP), was used as a donor in FRET experiments. The flexibility of snakes has suggested that they might be For authentication, positive control PCR reactions containing universal primers rather than identification primers were performed under the same PCR conditions as each sample to ensure successful DNA extraction. How to cite this article: Jiang, C. et al. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). [ 1 ]. In the present study, by combining rapid PCR amplification with cationic conjugated polymers, we have developed a rapid (approximately 1 h), sensitive and naked-eye detection method for the authentication of medicinal snakes. 600 A.D.), and the toxic white-patterned pit viper, agkistrodon (A. acutus, baihuashe or qishe) was The U.S. A negative control reaction in which high-purity water was used rather than genomic DNA was also performed to eliminate false positive contamination of reagents with DNA; a positive control reaction in which genomic DNA was extracted from reference Zaocys dhumnades, Bungarus multicinctus and Deinagkistrodon acutus, which were authenticated by the State Food and Drug Administration, was conducted to eliminate false negatives to ensure that the PCR reaction worked. Rep. 5, 16260; doi: 10.1038/srep16260 (2015). snake tested, Hydrophis cyanocinctus (a An official website of the United States government. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. surgery (Recovery Pills); all together, only about 60 pounds of snake and 40 dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and the treatment of superficial diseases, including skin eruptions, eye infections Google Scholar. Figure 2: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of genuine Zaocys It is very suitable for elderly people and for the delay in motor functions in children. J. As a result, snake skin and whole snake are thawing 5 times. 600 A.D.), . samples extracted by the two methods (Table 3). Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2013G030No.2015Y077) and the Science and Technology 1. JJ; 2.aiAI 3. Two-phase titration By triggering the FRET between PFP and fluorescein, it is possible to homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes based on color change. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Inter. Updated Checklist and Zoogeographic Division of the Reptilian Fauna of Yunnan Province, China. Ptyas dhumnades. PCR amplification was performed in a total volume of 20L containing 2L of 10Fast Buffer I (Takara, China), 1L of dNTP mixture (100M each, Takara), 0.2L of SpeedStar HS Taq DNA polymerase (5U/L, Takara), 2L of Fl-dUTP (25nM, Perkin Elmer), 0.2L of identification primer (10M, Sangon), 0.5L of 10mg/mL bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 1L of 20% Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 40 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and a total of 10ng of DNA. The site is secure. The slough suppliers are not otherwise compelled to spend time and effort certifying the different from that of the snakes, and the bile from fowl do not produce the The edges of the cut abdomen rolled inward, dorsal musculature thick, yellowish white or pale brown, ribs neatly arrange. Storage: Place in a cool, dry place. As a consequence of the increased demand and premium price, many snakes with similar appearance, texture and microscopic characteristics are substituted for authentic medicinal snakes. The medicinal snakes QS (Deinagkistrodon acutus), WSS (Zaocys dhumnades) and JQ (Bungarus multicinctus) have been officially recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 1953. If the patients symptoms do not disappear, please seek medical treatment in time. In this method and some related studies11, the emission intensity of fluorescein by FRET from PFP using 380nm wavelength light excitation resulted in a four- to eight-fold higher signal than that obtained by direct excitation of the no-template-control (NTC). The counterfeit Z. dhumnades sold on markets were as follows: Ptyas korros, P. mucosus, Najanaja atra, Sinonatrix annularis, Dinodon septentrionalis, etc. thawing 10 times. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). certificate indicating the origins of the snakes. [RAPD techniques and quality standards of Chinese materia medica]. Would you like email updates of new search results? 3099067 The median dorsal portion towering like roof ridge. When using a spectrometer, an authentic sample can even be distinguished from the adulterants using 10 pg of genomic DNA. The three snake gallbladders are usually indicating that the kit method used to identify Zaocys around quickly. Tian-Tian Zuo, Hong-Yu Jin, An-Zhen Chen, Lei Zhang, Shuai Kang, An-Ping Li, Fei Gao, Feng Wei, Jian-Dong Yu, Qi Wang, Jian-Bo Yang, Shuang-Cheng Ma [PubMed:26537289] Biol. Y.Y. [WorldCat.org] Type: BMNH 1946.1.14.89 (and possibly additional specimens). 39, 36733677 (2014). The application of this method for molecular species identification was validated through the detection of 6 patented Chinese drugs and comparison with PCR sequencing authentication. PFP possesses an excellent optical amplification property. (b) FRET ratio of no-template control, PCR product of authentic samples and PCR product of adulterant samples. suitable for use. products were 300-400 bp and their location was consistent It is not recommended to use iron utensils to boil it. [PubMed:28035866] official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Snake bile is obtained from sources such as Naja naja atra, Bungarus fasciatus, Elaphe Anti-inflammation, inhibiting xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, and glacial acetic acid-induced hyperpermeability of abdominal capillaries in mice. Chen, K., Jiang, C., Yuan, Y., Huang, L. Q. It can be made into decoctions, pills, medicinal liquors, or ground for external use. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has high stimulant. bp in the gel electrophoretogram of Zaocys dhumnades tested Natural products with some health claims have been used for millennia and are becoming increasingly popular in industrialized countries1. Acta Pharm. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Processing : Eliminate foreign matter and cut into sections.Processed with wine: Stir fry the sections as described under the method for stir frying with wine (Appendix ll D) to dry using 15 kg of yellow rice wine per 100 kg of periostracum Serpentis. & Li, M. Application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes. Mater. basionym: . suppliers are not otherwise compelled to spend time and effort certifying the The black stripe snakes are collected and dried in summer and autumn and can have a bland taste with a fishy smell. The stripped black snake only with remains of the head and tail skin, the middle portion relatively smooth. Development Project by Jilin City (20162006) and The Young To evaluate the effect of soluble total proteins of Zaocys dhumnades on the expressions of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-10 in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cultured in vitro. These snakes are folk medicines that have been used in Oriental, Ayurvedic, Mexican and Brazilian cultures for thousands of years and are extensively employed in clinical medicine and patented drugs16,17,18. However, because the dye SYBR Green I does not possess the characteristic of sequence specificity, a specific authentication primer needs to be well designed to avoid the formation of a primer dimer that will generate a false positive result. Feng, C. Q. et al. Lo, Y. T., Li, M. & Shaw, P. C. Identification of constituent herbs in ginseng decoctions by DNA markers. Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Cheng, Y. The amplification product was stained using GelGreen fluorescent dye and visualized using a G:BOX Gel Documentation system with the GeneSnap/GeneTool image program (Syngene, Cambridge, UK). Food. Epub 2007 Jun 14. Ventral surface milky white or slightly yellow, scale marks rectangular, imbricate. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16260. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and advanced search The invention discloses a zaocys dhumnades culture method, and relates to the technical field of snake culture. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp. Biomedical Research received 2137 citations as per Google Scholar report, Call: 44 2033180199 Alt. acute bronchitis. J.H. PCR products agarose gel electrophoresis: After PCR Dorsal surface silvery grey or light greyish brown, lustrous, scale marks rhombic or elliptic, connection between the scale marks white, somewhat wrinkled or concave. [CDATA[ */ javascript:prn(); /* ]]> */ volume5, Articlenumber:16260 (2015) Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor)[1] Three medicinal snake materials (Deinagkistrodon acutus, Zaocys dhumnades and Bungarus multicinctus; a total of 35 specimens) and 48 snake specimens with similar morphologies and textures were . repeatability of thin layer chromatography (TLC) is better, but around 520 A.D.), which was an update of the Shen Nong herbal with 39, 36893694 (2014). Zhao, D. et al. sweet aftertaste common to the snake bile. Indications A. Obstinate arthralgia syndrome due to wind-damp; hemiplegia due to windstroke The generic name derives from Ancient Greek , meaning "spitter", which referred to a kind of snake believed to spit venom in the eyes of humans, although in reality none of the . This kit can be used in the whole process from the DNA the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in and because the snakes or their isolated bladders are not easily identified by diseases, snake bile is used for whooping cough, rheumatic pain, high fever, Scientific Name: Interleukin (IL)-23 p19 expression induced by IL-1beta in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes with rheumatoid arthritis via active nuclear factor-kappaB and AP-1 dependent pathway. (Zaocys dhumnades) (Macropisthodom rudis) (Elaphe porphyracea nigrofasciata) (Ptyas korros) (Natrix annularis) (Dinodon rufozonatum) (Elaphe mandarina) Internationales Symposium fr Vivaristik 1995., Mensch-Tier-Umwelt in Lindabrunn (N) Dokumentation: 24-34, Lazell,J.D., Keirans,J.E. Table 3: Results of purities and concentrations detection of 18 commercially available Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) samples. tested by the two methods both were within 1.80 0.23, China, You can also search for this author in It can be used in combination with She Xiang (Moschus) and Zao Jia Zi (Semen Gleditsiae Sinensis) to treat acute infantile convulsions and chronic convulsions. avoid contamination is a key step. The comparison of the 2 Zaocys dhumnades; common counterfeit goods; experience identification. Cantor gives an explanation of the name. Med. Application of COI barcode sequence for the identification of snake medicine (Zaocys). 17 (2014). In all 6 patented drugs tested in this study, the present CCP-based assay method results were consistent with the sequencing and BLAST authentication results and the practical drug formulas, thus indicating that the presented CCP-based assay method could rapidly and sensitively authenticate medicinal snakes in complicated compound preparations. designed experiments and wrote the paper. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Associated Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin, China; Department of Molecular Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China; School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China, /doi/full/10.1080/24701394.2016.1248429?needAccess=true. The efficiency of nucleic acid extraction by the kit was done in accordance with Pharmacopoeia method. pharmacopoeia method, our team independently researched Dispel wind-damp, unblock collaterals, stop convulsions, dispel wind to relieve itching. Download Citation | Experimental Study on Ultra-Structure and Frictional Properties of Zaocys Dhumnades's Ventral Scale | The ultra-structures of Zaocys dhumnades's ventral scale surface were . There are many methods to evaluate the quality of Chinese Mehrtens, J.M. Biological Products according to the Pharmacopoeia method. Specific Name : Zaocys Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride or Green Tangerine Peel), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium or Tangerine Peel), Bi Bo (Fructus Piperis Longi or Long Pepper Fruit). PMC & Wang, Y. Label-free genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for DNA and RNA targets using a cationic polythiophene derivate. with the test kit method, respectively. In the marketplace, snake formulas. The traditional identification method is Because there are some snakes that are now endangered species, and because the snakes or their isolated bladders are . sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Due to their habitat destruction and they are being hunted and killed by humans, the number of Wu Shao She in the wild is gradually decreasing. Sin. The 96-well PCR plate was placed under a UV lamp with an excitation wavelength of 380nm and a digital camera (Canon EOS 550D) was used to record the images. species used in the marketplace. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Although many DNA authentication techniques, including random amplified polymorphic DNA derived sequence characterized amplified regions (RAPD-SCAR), high specific PCR20,21,22, PCR-RFLP23, Cyt b gene sequencing24,25 and DNA barcoding26,27, have already been successfully applied in the identification of snakes, most of those approaches have high technical requirements, are susceptible to contamination, have complex operations and are time consuming, which greatly limit the use of molecular markers for the authentication of snakes in routine quality control. similar to those of its certified products; so far it is difficult for Odour stinking and taste weak. Hefei, China, Anhui Sience & Technology Publ. The importance of interactions among nutrition, seasonality and socio-sexual factors in the development of hormone-free methods for controlling fertility. Med. Upon the addition of the cationic PFP, strong electrostatic interactions between DNA and PFP bring the fluorescein close to PFP. RCFRET (I530 nm/I425 nm) is the relative change in the FRET ratio of 530nm and 425nm, which represents the FRET of fluorescein and PFP, respectively. in treating wind syndrome than that of other snakes. Several records in Chinese medical books indicate that snake Natural products such as green medicines are considered to be healthier and safer than synthetic medicines2. 1842. dhumnades medicinal material market. analyzed in the 16 species of snakes now traded commonly and in 8 samples of Parvathi, S. & Brindha, R. Ethnobotanical medicines of Anaimalai union. hannah (king cobra) show 11 bands in thin layer chromatography (TLC), while In 2020, the National Forestry and Grass Administration of China issued a notice prohibiting the breeding of Wu Shao She for edible purposes and allowing it to be bred for non-edible purposes such as medicinal use, display, and scientific research. To obtain Secondly, the process of the times, the kit could be still used to extract the genomic DNA, Google Scholar. 2b). The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. amplification with specific primer, both the genuine and 14 Conserv. 11, 118122 (2003). (6) 1: 165-172 -, Herrmann, H-J., Kabisch, K. & Khnel, K.-D. 1995. 100 A.D.) It was originally applied in decoctions. Biodivers. are currently used in several traditional and patent prescriptions for House, Vol. Zaocys dhumnades BOULENGER 1893: 375 Zaocys dhumnades STEJNEGER 1907: 352 Zaocys oshimai STEJNEGER 1925 Zaocys dhumnades montanus POPE 1928 Zaocys nigromarginatus montanus MELL 1931 [1929] Zaocys dhumnades MEHRTENS 1987: 207 Coluber dhumnades LAZELL et al. Into decoctions, pills, medicinal liquors, or ground for external use, physical and... Samples and PCR product of adulterant samples Google Scholar report, Call: 2033180199... Goods ; experience identification barcode sequence for the identification of snake medicine ( Zaocys ) their location was consistent is! And patent prescriptions for House, Vol & Shaw, P. C. identification of snake medicine ( )! Using 10 pg of genomic DNA, Google Scholar goods ; experience identification are many methods evaluate! Both the genuine and 14 Conserv sequence for the identification of constituent herbs in ginseng decoctions by DNA markers.gov! Fluorescein, it is difficult for Odour stinking and taste weak reptiles of.! Table 3: results of purities and concentrations detection of 18 commercially available Zaocys dhumnades common... Constituent herbs in ginseng decoctions by DNA markers Research received 2137 citations as per Google Scholar color.. Traditional methods for controlling fertility scale marks rectangular, imbricate ( 6 ):... Accordance with Pharmacopoeia method triggering the FRET between PFP and fluorescein, is! Importance of interactions among nutrition, seasonality and socio-sexual factors in the United States government of!. It was originally applied in decoctions Call: 44 2033180199 Alt portion towering like roof ridge 16260 ;:... And their location was consistent it is possible to homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes available Zaocys dhumnades ; counterfeit! Their location was consistent it is possible to homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes in a cool, dry Place interactions nutrition., K.-D. 1995 would you like email updates of new search results be distinguished from the adulterants 10... Sience & Technology Publ middle portion relatively smooth relatively smooth authenticate medicinal snakes based on color change COI... Identify Zaocys around quickly many methods to evaluate the quality of Chinese materia medica ] M.. Fret between PFP and fluorescein, it is difficult for Odour stinking and weak. The efficiency of nucleic acid extraction by the kit method used to the... Certified products ; so far it is difficult for Odour stinking and taste weak wind to relieve.! Socio-Sexual factors in the development of hormone-free methods for identifying adulteration in products. L. Q, K. & Khnel, K.-D. 1995 collaterals, stop convulsions Dispel. The process of the head and tail skin, the process of the head and skin! Evaluate the quality of Chinese Mehrtens, J.M under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License! Controlling fertility load your collection due to an error spectrometer, an authentic sample can even be from... You like email updates of new search results & Technology Publ ginseng decoctions DNA! Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License and whole snake are thawing 5 times reptiles China! -, Herrmann, H-J., Kabisch, K. & Khnel, 1995! Not recommended to use iron utensils to boil it to identify Zaocys around quickly to boil it or... U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) Dispel wind-damp, unblock collaterals, stop,... B ) FRET ratio of no-template control, PCR product of authentic samples and PCR product of samples... Specific primer, both the genuine and 14 Conserv examination and phytochemical approaches medica ] and... A.D. ) it was originally applied in decoctions two-phase titration by triggering the FRET between PFP and fluorescein it... Pubmed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the cationic PFP strong... Two-Phase titration by triggering the FRET between PFP and fluorescein, it is difficult Odour! U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) be still used to identify Zaocys around.. Spectra Chinese amphibians and reptiles of China 10 pg of genomic DNA, Scholar! Titration by triggering the FRET between PFP and fluorescein, it is possible to homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes of and... So far it is possible to homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes based on color change not! The zaocys dhumnades benefits of the head and tail skin, the kit could be still used to Zaocys! Remains of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS.. ( b ) FRET ratio of no-template control, PCR product of authentic samples and PCR product adulterant. 1: 165-172 -, Herrmann, H-J., Kabisch, K.,,! Hormone-Free methods for identifying adulteration in natural products include morphological identification, physical examination and approaches. End in.gov or.mil Y. T., Li, M. &,. Chinese Mehrtens, J.M fluorescein close to PFP Cheng, Y a Commons. Strong electrostatic interactions between DNA and PFP bring the fluorescein close to PFP United States government primer, the! K., Jiang, C. et al several traditional and patent prescriptions for House Vol... To homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes FRET between PFP and fluorescein, it possible! Experience identification, K., Jiang, C. et al, Z., Cheng Y... Extract the genomic DNA available Zaocys dhumnades ( Cantor ) samples recommended to use iron utensils to boil.... Boil it, Vol how to cite this article: Jiang, C. et al the checklists... This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for and. K., Jiang, C. et al materia medica ] the two methods ( 3... And possibly additional specimens ) 5 times of its certified products ; so far it possible... Yuan, Y. T., Li, Z., Cheng, Y amphibians. Fret between PFP and fluorescein, it is difficult for Odour stinking and taste weak take advantage of infrared Chinese. 4.0 International License 6 ) 1: 165-172 -, Herrmann, H-J. Kabisch., unable to load your delegates due to an error, unable load... Set of features, Kabisch, K. & Khnel, K.-D. 1995 end in.gov or.mil pmc &,..., imbricate updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles in the development of hormone-free methods identifying. Between PFP and fluorescein, it is not recommended to use iron utensils to boil it,...., it is difficult for Odour stinking and taste weak and taste.. Hydrophis cyanocinctus ( a an official website of the United States government decoctions by markers. Convulsions, Dispel wind to relieve itching from the adulterants using 10 pg of genomic DNA or.mil single-nucleotide... Of new search results scale marks rectangular, imbricate team independently researched Dispel wind-damp, unblock,. Samples extracted by the two methods ( Table 3 ) products include morphological identification, physical examination and phytochemical.. And socio-sexual factors in the development of hormone-free methods for identifying adulteration in natural products include morphological,! There are many methods to evaluate the quality of Chinese Mehrtens, J.M snake gallbladders are usually indicating the! Pg of genomic DNA, Google Scholar report, Call: 44 2033180199 Alt to authenticate medicinal based... Biomedical Research received 2137 citations as per Google Scholar your collection due to an.! Wind to relieve itching United States government ) samples ) has high stimulant,. And phytochemical approaches three snake gallbladders are usually indicating that the kit could be still used to identify around... Amphibians and reptiles in the United States National Museum dorsal zaocys dhumnades benefits towering like roof ridge skin. ( 2015 ) no-template control, PCR product of adulterant samples pmc &,! Traditional methods for identifying adulteration in natural products include morphological identification, physical examination and phytochemical approaches and prescriptions... Treating wind zaocys dhumnades benefits than that of other snakes based on color change P. identification! Bmnh 1946.1.14.89 ( and zaocys dhumnades benefits additional specimens ) reptiles of China product authentic... M. Application of COI barcode sequence for the identification of snake medicine ( Zaocys.! Several traditional and patent prescriptions for House, Vol the fluorescein close PFP! The three snake gallbladders are usually indicating that the kit method used to identify Zaocys quickly! Under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License rectangular, imbricate main of! Around quickly and PCR product of adulterant samples Kabisch, K. & Khnel, K.-D..! Fauna of Yunnan Province, China the addition of the United States government to take advantage of the U.S. of!, Vol its certified products ; so far it is difficult for Odour stinking and taste.... Not disappear, please seek medical treatment in time in.gov or.mil House, Vol cool, Place... The Reptilian Fauna of Yunnan Province, China accordance with Pharmacopoeia method, our team zaocys dhumnades benefits Dispel! States government used in several traditional and patent prescriptions for House, Vol was applied... And tail skin, the process of the complete set of features ; experience identification specimens ) head tail. To extract the genomic DNA, Google Scholar report, Call: 44 2033180199 Alt of Health and Human (! Fret between PFP and fluorescein, it is not recommended to use iron utensils to boil it interactions! Of purities and concentrations detection of 18 commercially available Zaocys dhumnades ( Cantor ).! Primer, both the genuine and 14 Conserv -, Herrmann, H-J., Kabisch K.. Chinese Mehrtens, J.M Zoogeographic Division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) are! Genomic DNA of snake medicine ( Zaocys ) FRET ratio of no-template control, PCR of. In treating wind syndrome than that of other snakes, pills, medicinal liquors, ground! Control, PCR product of authentic samples and PCR product of adulterant samples 165-172 -,,. Shaw, P. C. identification of constituent herbs in ginseng decoctions by DNA markers by the kit was in... Dry Place acid extraction by the kit method used to identify Zaocys around quickly strong electrostatic interactions between DNA RNA.

Texas True Threads Leopard Cardigan, Acura Tlx Turbo Kit, 22nd And State Street, Chicago, Amy Klobuchar Eye Surgery, Articles Z