Low 54F. Ferguson was removed from office and deemed ineligible to hold any position of honor, trust, or profit under the laws of Texas by the Court of Impeachment by a vote of twenty-five to three. Jim Ferguson got in trouble for throwing his weight around, and for using the publics money as a personal slush fund. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. He tapped Reverend Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field. Ross Phares, The Governors of Texas (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican, 1976). Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment, "Ferguson Impeachment Ballotpedia features 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. Dictionary of American History. The founders did not invent impeachment. The Regents refused. State executives | In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. . Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. Which Way Will Harris County Precinct 3 Turn In 2020? Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? [2], Impeachments have historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act. | He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and banking. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. Counties | The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. As a result of these developments, the speaker of the House called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. The vote was 25-3. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. Federal courts | Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. Seven related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement and one to the diversion of a special fund. ." Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Fergusons political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, womens enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. The Board of Regents hired the firm to review whether Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his handling of student information. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. . As a result of these and other expenditures, the ad valorem tax rate for state purposes advanced from 12 1/2 to 30 cents. In 1922 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. Only 17 federal officers have been impeached since 1776. Bruce A. Glasrud is professor emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay, and retired dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Sul Ross State University. The legality of the speaker calling a session was questionable the Texas Constitution says only the governor can call a special session but the point became moot when Ferguson called his own special session to discuss the budget for the University of Texas. by Nicole Shealy With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. He moved to Temple and in 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple State Bank. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. Pat Neff. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. Elections in 2023 | The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. Amplify your impact and donate now. Legislators have accused Hall of abusing his power and targeting University of Texas, Austin President Bill Powers, while Hall maintains he was acting as a responsible regent investigating situations of clout and accountability problems within the University of Texas system. Encyclopedia.com. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the board of regents fire them. James Ferguson. Ferguson was so enraged by the demonstrators that he got into a yelling match with one of the student protestors and had to be restrained from climbing out of his window to fight them, according to The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson, a 1983 book by Bruce Rutherford. There were two major elements of the impeachment charges brought against Ferguson in 1917. Before his impeachment, Texas students paraded from the campus to the Capitol and held a protest rally, complete with the university band, right outside Fergusons office while he met with the regents. In 1917, Gov. Three new normal schools were authorized. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). The following sections are outlined in Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. However, the judgment to impeachhanded down one day after his resignation-was upheld, preventing him from holding public office in Texas. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky is the Distinguished Professor of Digital Humanities and History at Texas A&M UniversityCommerce. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed. After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. Ferguson won the nomination by a majority of about 40,000 votes. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam "Ferguson Impeachment November 2013 testimony prompted committee-member Trey Fischer to request the inquiry. American banker and politician (18711944), Brochure, "Meet the Fergusons: Two Governors for the Price of One", Bell County Museum, Belton, Texas, Lucadia Christiana Niles Pease (18671869), Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Texas Politics Project, Governors of Texas, 12. 23 Feb. 2023 . Impeached. There were . Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. [8], Prior to his inauguration, Ferguson conferred with officials at the University of Texas regarding appointments affecting learning and higher education. Only two Texas public officials have been impeached in the state's history. Dictionary of American History. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. 2-stem governor fro 1921-1924 . Sam Houston's life was, Ann Willis Richards (born 1933) was elected Democratic governor of Texas in 1990, the second woman ever to hold that position in the state's history., American politician Nellie Tayloe Ross (1876-1977) gained fame in the 1920s when she was elected governor of Wyoming, becoming the first woman in the, Barbara Jordan (american Congressional Representative), Jordan, Barbara Charline The House sent 21 articles of impeachment to the Senate. Although Ferguson was disqualified from holding public office, he did try to run in the 1924 elections to redeem his reputation. James Ferguson was a banker from Temple who would become governor in 1914 - famous, or infamous, as the only Texas governor to face impeachment. "[3] In general, impeachments are a rare occurrence. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by his successor and incumbent, William P. Hobby of Houston, previously the lieutenant governor. The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. He vilified everything from fraternities to the faculty to the student body. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. resigning his office and being barred by the legislature to ever serve a state office again. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Fergusonreveals how power ebbed and flowed in twentieth-century Texas and includes several annotated primary documents critical to understanding the Ferguson impeachment. They then sent the charges to the State Senate for trial. In 1906, he sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested race. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. In the wake of the controversy, issues from Fergusons past campaign for governor in 1916 came back into the spotlight. Though Fergusons hatred for UT ran deep, he never fully explained his animus. If the Senate is not in session, there are four ways by which it may be convened.[7]. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). At age 12 he entered Salado College (a preparatory school) but was eventually expelled for disobedience. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. Tags Heres where Ferguson made his first greatest legal blunder. 27 February 1917 in Floresville, Texas; d. 15 June 1993 in Houston, Texas), governor of Tex, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. Johnson Roofing built a business on topping off buildings, but when it comes to its legacy, Bill Johnson and daughter Sherri focus on the foundation. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. This is simply not true. System has not protected the privacy rights of students, staff, and patients. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. He claimed to be painstakingly honest; he was an embezzler. Before the process could be completed, Ferguson resigned from office, contending that the legislative action against him was a kangaroo court. Ferguson was convinced that Vinson was behind the protest. The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. Ferguson did some good things. Dictionaries thesauruses pictures and press releases. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. He served 15 months as governor. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. Gov. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. The question was eventually carried into the courts, where the judgment of the Court of Impeachment was sustained. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. When they wouldnt, he started replacing them one by one and withheld state funding from the university to force UT to obey his orders. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. Her most recent publications include contributions to Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; What's on my ballot? The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Despite the Senate's conviction, Ferguson sought to run for governor again in 1924. James Ferguson. youngest governor in Texas history. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. The chair of the State Library and Historical Commission, Eugene C. Barker, heard talk about these plans and intervened in support of Winkler. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. James Edward (Pa) Ferguson (1871-1944), Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Sam Houston He had been an opponent of Ferguson for the Democratic party's nomination for governor in 1914.[11]. In 1928, for the first time since 1914, Ferguson was not an active participant in a political campaign, but even then he took some interest in the race for the governorship and gave his support to Louis J. Wardlaw. He showed up most every day to his own trial, invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. "[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. [1] Impeachments in Texas begin in the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. House Speaker Franklin Fuller called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas history, the impeachment of Gov. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). And this current flap is far from over. Ferguson made bond of $13,000 and announced his candidacy for a third term as governor. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. But in the midst of this personal war he had sparked with the flagship university in Austin, Ferguson appeared before a Travis County grand jury and was indicted on nine charges. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 - September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. This ragtag pair, better known as "Pa . In 1917, Gov. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. Vinson asked what they had done to deserve it and he said, I dont need a reason, Im the governor.. The ruling declared that he could no longer hold office in Texas, but he ran the campaigns of his wife, Miriam "Ma" Ferguson. Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. The most discussed plank in his platform, which appealed especially to tenant farmers, proposed a law that would limit the rent charged by landlords and prevent the collection of bonuses. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. 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In order for an official to be impeached, articles of impeachment must be brought by the Texas House of Representatives. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. How to vote | In general, the purpose of an impeachment proceeding is to remove from office a . He maintained his. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. State legislature | we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. Ballot measures, Who represents me? Cities | the lieutenant governor With strong support from progressive and anti-Prohibition forces, "Farmer Jim" was elected governor of Texas in 1914. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky concludes with an assessment of the historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Donations by CCWH members and other patrons support CCWH awards and initiatives. Apply today! Soon after, the alumni group began taking out ads in newspapers calling for the governors impeachment. While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment. The controversy grew out of the refusal of the board of regents to remove certain faculty members whom the governor found objectionable. Your donation keeps our trusted reporting free and accessible for all Texans and during a legislative session when lawmakers are set to tackle issues from school choice for K-12 students to school safety improvements to changes in property taxes, its critical that Texans know what lawmakers decisions mean for their futures. Please visit the expanded Texas Politics Project website to learn more about our updated webtext and to find additional educational resources. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. Kay Reed Arnold then follows the Ferguson story into the halls of academia at the University of Texaswhich Ferguson threatened to closesparking a fierce response by faculty, alumni, students, and, especially, the Womens Committee for Good Government. The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. James "Pa" Ferguson was the Governor of Texas from 1915 to 1917, when he was impeached and convicted on several charges. [8] Hall, as an individual citizen, filed FOIA requests with the University system after his inquiries via his role as a Regent were rebuffed. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. . Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. Impeachment is the process by which the legislative branch has the authority to remove a sitting public official. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud, eds. 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Person in Texas history, the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority about... 31 members of the legislature power to impeach judges, the Senate can call witnesses to and! Was replaced by William P. Hobby of Houston, Sam `` Ferguson impeachment November 2013 testimony prompted Trey.
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