Ben: Her dad couldnt afford childcare, so soon after Marians mother went into the Allan, social services took Marian and her two younger brothers away because there was no parent to take care of them. If he had a choice he would have kept living forever. Ben: About halfway through, Prosecutor Joseph Rauh starts quoting statements that Camerons wife Duncans mom made on the record. Amory: Just not in the way he might have hoped. Cameron believed that mental illness was literally contagious that if one came into contact with someone with mental illness, one would begin to produce the symptoms of a mental disease. Heres part of Duncans transcript: Duncan (from the transcript): I recall contacting the American Psychiatric Association and asking them if they would have an interest in holding his papers in their archives, and they expressed an interest in doing it. And here I am looking much younger than I am now. He died of a heart attack while climbing a mountain in the Adirondacks in 1967. John Marks: The Allan Memorial Institute under Cleghorn commissioned a study of his work, which is absolutely or almost absolutely unprecedented in the psychiatric field. Ben: Today we grapple with Dr. Ewen Camerons legacy. Donald Ewen Cameron 24 December 1901 - 8 September 1967)[1] was a Scottish-born psychiatrist. The lawsuits were dismissed, even though it was later shown there were a higher-than-usual number of people diagnosed with schizophrenia, presumably to increase Cameron's subject pool. Donald Ewen Cameron was the key figure in the Montreal experiments. He was there when his legal partner, Joseph Rauh, took Camerons deposition. Esther Schrier who was a nurse at Montreal's Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her first child at just three weeks of age. Cameron also hoped to generate families capable of using authority and techniques to take measures against mental illness, which would later be apparent in Cameron's MKULTRA and MKDELTA experiments. Amory: With the information we do have about Cameron, we know this: his so-called treatment didnt cure mental illness, and it didnt control peoples minds. Her family sued, first based on the treatment alone, then again, after discovering she was a part of the MKUltra program. [clarification needed] Those Germans affected by the events that led to World War II were of utmost concern. Duncan Cameron: No. Amory: In the Lake Placid community where Dr. Camerons family spent the bulk of their summers, his sudden death from a heart attack while hiking was big news. Our username is. Not, at least, until well into 1965, months after they were told to end the experiments. Amory: They bounced around between foster homes and orphanages for years, experienced emotional and physical abuse. Ewen passed away on month day 1915, at age 84 at death place. They had 11 children: Allan Francis Cameron, John Donald Cameron and 9 other children. In addition to LSD, he experimented with various paralytic drugs such as curare and electroconvulsive therapy at thirty to forty times the normal power. Duncan: Talking about him, it should be easy, but sometimes it's sort of emotional. Like, did she always have problems? And he said, Oh, gosh. She goes, No. She was the one that was gonna go and conquer the world. One of the weirdest chapters in U.S. history was approved on April 13, 1953, and any time anyone says anything about "the good ol' days," when things were just better, simpler, and kinder, well, point to MKUltra and say, "Check out this madness!" Canada. Those with anxieties or insecurities and who had trouble with the state of the world were labelled as "the weak"; in Cameron's analysis, they could not cope with life and had to be isolated from society by "the strong". He recruited psychoanalysts, social psychiatrists and biologists globally to develop the psychiatry program at McGill[12] From its beginning in 1943, the Allan Memorial Institute was run on an "open door" basis, allowing patients to leave if they wished, as opposed to the "closed door" policy of other hospitals in Canada in the early 1940s. Cameron began to explore how industrial conditions could satisfy the population through work and what kind of person or worker is best suited to industrial conditions. Like Freud, Cameron maintained that the family was the nucleus of social behavior and anxieties later in life were spawned during childhood. In this, he hoped to establish a suitable method to reinstate a form of justice in Germany that could prevent its society from recreating the attitudes that led it from the Great War to World War II. That was just something we wanted to get clarification on. Jim: But again, you know, the deposition transcript, you're going to have to rely on that, like we did. She was left with permanent impairments: She was unable to recognize faces, had impaired spatial recognition, and lost a good portion of her memory. We shouldn't have done it, I'm sorry we did it.". [30][bettersourceneeded], In 1980, the Canadian investigative news program The Fifth Estate interviewed two former patients of Cameron's who were among several of his ex patients who were at that time suing the CIA for the long term effects of Cameron's treatment. Dr. Ewen Cameron wanted to win a Nobel Prize for his work in psychiatry. According to what his son, Duncan, told WBUR, it was 1967 when he decided to climb Street Mountain in the Adirondacks. Cameron's work stopped when she gave birth, and Lloyd remembered a broken mother. I mean, he was that much of a scientist. When asked about the decision to involve Cameron in MK-ULTRA, John Gittinger, the CIA officer in charge of monitoring his work said, quote, Now that was a foolish mistake. She said that at the time, Cameron was something of a celebrity. Theres no clear approach to the summit only overgrown pathways. Amory: The study, which was published a few months before Cameron died, found that Camerons methods exposed his patients to unnecessary risk, and that there was no clinical proof his methods were any more effective than standard forms of treatment. Lloyd has continued to fight for recognition, recompense, and an apology. Genealogy profile for Major Donald of 4th Chief Clunes "Old '45" Cameron Major Cameron . Anyone with any appreciation of the complexity of the human mind would not expect that you could erase an adult mind and then add things back with this stupid psychic driving. Deze informatie is onderdeel van Families Klein, Ree, de Breed en de Vries van Terschelling van Marthan Klein op Genealogie Online. Any documents that related to patient treatment were destroyed? In 1926, he served as assistant medical officer there[9] and was introduced to psychiatrist Sir David Henderson, a student of Swiss-born US psychiatrist Adolf Meyer. The psychiatric community could have questioned his methods, but they remained silent. Duncan: This is at the Lake Placid Club in Lake Placid, New York. There was also Donald Hebb, who ran McGills psychology department at the time Cameron was running its psychiatry department. In some cases, applicants couldn't prove the conditions they currently lived with were a direct result of what they went through at Allan, and in others, they were treated outside of the time frame. (laughter). They stressed how they'd been unwilling participants, and that they'd gone to the institute for other issues. As the CBC notes, it's sourced pretty heavily from Cameron's work, and talks about things like "deprivation of sensory stimuli, threats and fear, pain, hypnosis and narcosis," and the source of their research? [10] There he met A. T. Mathers, Manitoba's principal psychiatrist, who convinced Cameron in 1929 to move to Brandon, the second largest city of Manitoba, Canada. In 1963, the CIA published the Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation manual, and that's exactly what it sounds like guidelines on how to get people to talk. [13], In 1945, Cameron, Nolan D. C. Lewis and Dr Paul L. Schroeder, colonel and psychiatrist, University College of Illinois, were invited to the Nuremberg trials for a psychiatric evaluation of Rudolf Hess. He saw no reason why psychiatry should be any different. There is no such thing as closure. Under that program, more than 80,000 suspected North Vietnamese sympathizers were interrogated by US forces and their allies. Anyone with any appreciation of the complexity of the human mind would not expect that you could erase an adult mind and then add things back with this stupid psychic driving., Amory: The CIA also turned its back on Cameron. Duncan Cameron is Ewen Cameron's son, and when he speaks of his father, he talks about a man who loved to hike, read science fiction, and who had an obituary that read, in part: "Those who are privileged to know him, even briefly, will not soon forget the warmth and kindliness of this understanding man." [14] Hess later confessed that he had faked the amnesia. He argued that people with mental illnesses could spread and transmit their diseases. [5], Cameron was involved in administering electroconvulsive therapy and experimental drugs, including poisons such as curare and hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide, to patients and prisoners without their knowledge or informed consent. Peterborough County. They were destroyed. [34], Naomi Klein states in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to MKUltra were not about mind control and brainwashing, but "to design a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources.' He was always interested in the future. Ben: But some key documentation of Camerons time at the Allan is straight up missing. In other words, torture. Ontario. Stephen Kinzer: In the end, Gottlieb was forced to conclude that there's no such thing as mind control and that everything he had done had been for naught. After his mother confirmed that yes, there were 12 boxes of papers that her sons both lawyers said she probably shouldn't share, Duncan revealed that he had gone through and taken out "several papers" that identified "a particular patient." He also organized the structure of mental health services in the western half of the province, establishing 10 functioning clinics; this model was used as the blueprint for similar efforts in Montreal and a forerunner of 1960s community health models. He tried a variety of things, including multiple electroshock therapy sessions a day and massive doses of drugs including LSD. It was reported that none of the patients sent to the Radio Telemetry Lab showed any signs of improvement. Ben: Street Mountain is a strange choice for a bucket list. He demanded that political systems be watched, and that German people needed to be monitored due to their "personality type", which he claimed results in the conditions that give rise to the dictatorial power of an authoritarian overlord. AIan Cameron followed in the footsteps of his father and became a director at Panmure Gordon in 1957. Ben: Hebb did an interview with a film producer in the 1980s, saying, quote, Cameron was irresponsible criminally stupid. And, later on to guidebooks for what we now call enhanced interrogation at places like Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib. Sounds questionable? Kinzer: This idea of some evil scientists taking control of someone else's mind is a wonderfully appealing trope, and it's been used repeatedly in very popular movies and books and stories. Patients would be subjected to messages repeated hundreds of thousands of times, as they were kept in their coma for up to a month. He did technically, because nothing says "wonders" has to be a good thing. Cameron wanted to build an inventive psychiatric institution to determine rapid ways for societal control while demanding a psychological economy that did not center itself around guilt and guilt complexes. Even as he wrote about Cameron's "warmth [which was] never allowed to appear as intimacy," he wrote about a pretty big blind spot: Cameron had apparently hired a few assistants with "psychopathic personalities.". Hebb who did pay the students for their participation basically put them in a room for 24 hours, in a set-up that deprived them of all sensory input. Heres John Marks again. Jim Turner: The most salient point that I recall is that Camerons son told us that he'd taken his father's private records and had destroyed them. Or do you remember any of --. He spoke about Germans, but also to the larger portion of the society that resembled or associated with such traits. Cameron would analyze what conditions produced the stronger worker, what would be the necessary conditions to replicate this personality and to reward the stronger while disciplining the weaker. Both of her brothers were heavily into drugs by the age of 10 and dealt with serious mental illness throughout their lives. Duncan: I'm Duncan Cameron. Hij is getrouwd met (Niet openbaar), ze kregen 1 kind. He graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. He began to develop the discipline of social psychiatry which concentrated on the roles of interpersonal interaction, family, community and culture in the emergence and amelioration of emotional disturbance. This was made into a TV mini-series directed by Anne Wheeler in 1998, called The Sleep Room, which also dramatizes the lawsuit of Cameron's ex-patients against the CIA. [22], During the 1950s and 1960s, Cameron became involved in what has later become known as the MKUltra mind control program, which was covertly sponsored by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)[6] and which eventually led to the publication of the KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation manual. Death: June 18, 1958 (52) Immediate Family: Son of Sir Ewen Allan Cameron and Rachel Margaret Cameron. She said she received 12 boxes of her husbands papers after he died, but that, quote, If I had these papers, I wouldnt necessarily let you see them. Marian Cameron. We shouldn't have done it, I'm sorry we did it.. The idea that people needed to sit down and talk about their problems was the old way of doing things, and Cameron was living in an era where things were getting more and more automated. According to Cameron's psychiatric analysis of the German people, they were not suitable to have children or hold positions of authority because of a genetic tendency to organize society in a way that fostered fearsome aggression and would lead to war rather than peace; he would repeatedly use the German as the archetypal character structure on which to ground the most psychologically deviant humans. John Marks observes, Ewen Cameron did not need the CIA to corrupt him. "Madness: The Secret Mission for Mind Control and the People Who Paid the Price" an investigative series in 5 parts unravels the shocking history of CIA-funded mind-control experiments. Toby Ziegler:In the '50s, it was the CIA mind control research program begun in response to the Chinese attempt on U.S. prisoners. Here in the hospital Cameron could observe how the psychiatric patient resembled patients with other diseases that were not psychiatric in nature. Ben: Sure. Instead of being considered for the fellowship, the neurologist was admitted to his Allan Memorial Institute, diagnosed with schizophrenia, and given such a heavy dose of barbiturates that it triggered an allergic reaction and she suffered from a prolonged loss of oxygen to the brain. Ex-husband of Enid Agnes Maud Watson. He furthered his diagnostic definitions of clinical states such as anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. Cameron never got his Nobel Prize in fact, he died not long after leaving Allan Memorial Institute. And he was a fast driver. Charles Tanny was a former patient of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron at the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal in 1957. Duncan: Well, I didnt destroy the documents. Finally, while the person is in isolated confinement, in LSD altered states of consciousness, and deprived of sensory stimulation, adequate food, water, and oxygen, the subject would be bombarded by psychic driving by use of a football helmet clamped to the head with taped messages played for hours non-stop up to a half-million times, messages such as my mother hates me. (McCoy, 2007). Rauh: A question that Mr. Turner wanted me to ask was what happened to the papers identifying the patients? Amory: Nearly everyone who experienced Camerons treatments first-hand has since died. Those who are privileged to know him, even briefly, will not soon forget the warmth and kindliness of this understanding man.. 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