Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. Julia Balbilla a possible lover of Sabina: A. R. Birley (1997). [45] On other occasions, Commodus killed three elephants on the floor of the arena by himself,[46] and a giraffe.[47]. The ending of "Gladiator" makes it seem like Commodus' death means a new beginning for Rome. This ancient Roman biographical article is a stub. Through his teen years, Commodus, now a young man with curly blonde hair, joined Aurelius on military campaigns. Ridley Scott's Gladiator (2000) is a Roman historical epic, considered to be one of Scott's directorial movie masterpieces. In the same year, Pertinax unmasked a conspiracy by two enemies of Cleander Antistius Burrus (one of Commodus's brothers-in-law) and Arrius Antoninus. Russell Crowe's Maximus asks the crowd "Are you not entertained?" The movie is far from historically accurate. [40][41] For each appearance in the arena, he charged the city of Rome a million sesterces, straining the Roman economy. Throughout his reign, Commodus entrusted the management of affairs to his palace chamberlain and praetorian prefects, named Saoterus, Perennis and Cleander. Suetonius a possible lover of Sabina: One interpretation of, Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p.99 and. Commodus orders 150 days of gladiatorial combat, ostensibly to commemorate his late father, while in reality attempting to distract the populace from the Senate's corruption and the rampant plague epidemics. Bust of Commodus as Hercules, hence the lion skin and the club. His reign is commonly thought of as marking the end of a golden period of peace in the history of the Roman Empire, known as the Pax Romana. [44] Dio notes that the targeted senators actually found this more ridiculous than frightening, and chewed on laurel leaves to conceal their laughter. He also believed himself to be a reincarnation of Hercules and enjoyed fighting in an arena as a gladiator. A bust of Commodus as a youth. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. His recorded actions do tend to show a rejection of his father's policies, his father's advisers, and especially his father's austere lifestyle, and an alienation from the surviving members of his family. In 186 he had his chief minister executed in order to appease the army; three years later he allowed the ministers successor to be killed by a rioting crowd. On 31 December, Marcia poisoned Commodus's food, but he vomited up the poison, so the conspirators sent his wrestling partner Narcissus to strangle him in his bath.[24]. [28][29], His original name was Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus. Commode-Hercule et l'anthropologie hercalenne,", M.P. Commodus, The Unhinged Roman Emperor Who Went Mad With Power, Commodus exposes Lucillas plot in this scene from. Commodus was made coruler when he was just 16 years old, and he was emperor before he turned 19. Joaquin Phoenix's character is bad news, but he doesn't quite have the same unhinged level of megalomania as his real-life counterpart. Classic Villain: Commodus, representing Ambition and Envy. "Exsuperatorius" (the supreme) was a title given to Jupiter, and "Amazonius" identified him again with Hercules. Commodus would enter the arena in the garb of Mercury and casting aside all his other garments, would begin his exhibition wearing only a tunic and unshod.. Commodus's death is an example of how the film has historical references but often distorts them to create its narrative Gladiator's Commodus being less power-hungry than his historical counterpart refocuses the movie around Maximus' personal struggle rather than the wider Roman political landscape. In the famous words of noted historian Dio Cassius, Commoduss lack of interest in political affairs was the starting point for the decline of the Roman Empire, leaving Commodus responsible for initiating Romes decline "from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust. He also believed himself to be a reincarnation of Hercules and enjoyed fighting in an arena as a gladiator. The 2000 film, directed by Ridley Scott, is steeped in the culture of ancient Rome. Ivar the Boneless: Viking Warrior, Ruler and Raider, What is Shambhala? This rumor was further fueled by Commodus love for engaging in gladiator battles as an adult, which led to speculation that his father was indeed a gladiator with whom Faustina had an affair. His family is murdered, and he becomes a slave, and then sold off to become a gladiator. [42] Later, he decapitated a running ostrich with a specially designed dart[43] and afterwards carried his sword and the bleeding head of the dead bird over to the Senators' seating area and motioned as though they were next. 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According to Dio Cassius, Perennis, though ruthless and ambitious, was not personally corrupt and generally administered the state well.[21]. Instead, he devoted himself to his harem of 300 females and a like number of males, played gladiator at Rome's. Commodus was a spoiled, narcissistic young man who was something of an embarrassment to his father. This caused much outrage, and inspired prefect Laetus to start a conspiracy to assassinate the emperor. Contrary to the plot of Gladiator where Emperor Commodus is portrayed as having killed Marcus Aurelius the two ruled together, from 177 until the latters death in 180. The real Commodus was also a gladiator superfan, and he really did get in the arena and fight people. Bestowing the imperial title of Caesar upon Commodus at such a young age further shows Aurelius desperation for Commodus to be viewed and treated as royalty. A grateful Senate proclaimed a new emperorthe city prefect, Publius Helvius Pertinaxbut the empire quickly slipped into civil war. Omissions? In 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius died, leaving Commodus as sole Emperor of Rome. Striking story! Unlike Maximus, they all let him win, letting him injure them to a non-fatal degree and then conceding, per LA Times. However, the ending, while sad, is true to Maximus's goals. To some, this was a sign that Commodus was not actually the biological child of Aurelius, and that his mother had conceived him while engaging in an affair. Pescennius Niger mopped up the deserters in Gaul in a military campaign, and a revolt in Brittany was put down by two legions brought over from Britain. The Carnac stones are an exceptionally dense collection of megalithic sites around the French village of Carnac, in Brittany, consisting of more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones and erected by the pre-Celtic people of Brittany. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10. He was co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until his father's death in 180. Gladiator's Commodus death, therefore, is a pertinent conclusion to Maximus storyline in Gladiator, but it consequentially abstracts the film's historical basis. Wikimedia CommonsEmperor Commodus lust for power is widely credited with bringing an end to the fabled Pax Romana. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. ", Roman coins featuring Commodus. His death, however, was the result of an assassination plot in 192, culminating with Narcissus killing him in the bath. Wife of M. Annius Libo: Levick (2014), p. 163. Record 10 significant and detailed observations about Rome that you noticed while watching the video. In the arena, Commodus's opponents always submitted to the emperor; as a result he never lost. In November 192, Commodus held Plebeian Games, in which he shot hundreds of animals with arrows and javelins every morning, and fought as a gladiator every afternoon, winning all the fights. On the other hand, the real Emperor Commodus was even more outlandish than Gladiator's version in some ways, as he renamed Rome "the Colony of Commodus" at one point. From all angles, Commodus was groomed to succeed on the throne. Commodus never killed his gladiatorial adversaries, instead accepting their surrenders. Commodus Roman Emperor In Power Nov 27, 176 - Dec 31, 192 Born Aug 31, 161Lanuvium, Italy Died Dec 31, 192 (aged 31)Rome, Italy Wife Bruttia Crispina Father Marcus Aurelius Mother Faustina the Younger Lucius Aurelius Commodus was born in Lanuvium, near Rome, on August 31, 161. [38] Cassius Dio claimed that citizens of Rome who were missing their feet through accident or illness were taken to the arena, where they were tethered together for Commodus to club to death while pretending they were giants. [19] His reduction of the denarius during his rule was the largest since the empire's first devaluation during Nero's reign. This horrified the Roman people. Nowadays Commodus is best remembered as the villain of Ridley Scott's movie "Gladiator", a sneering and arrogant portrayal by Joaquin Phoenix. War broke out in Dacia: few details are available, but it appears two future contenders for the throne, Clodius Albinus and Pescennius Niger, both distinguished themselves in the campaign. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about 5 Celebrity Gladiators of Bloodthirsty Ancient Rome, about Romes African Emperor: Septimius Severus and the Scottish Invasion, about Catastrophic Collapse: When Historic Good Governments Turned Bad, about Mimicking Gods and Gladiators: The Assassination Of Emperor Commodus, about The Philosopher-King of Ancient Rome: Marcus Aurelius' Imperium, about Fair-Weather Friends: A Weird Explanation for 20% of Roman Emperor Assassinations, The Lemon Grove Mummies: Ancient Corpses from Mexican Cave Found in California Garage, The Curious Apparitions of Pagan Goddesses to the German Knights Templar, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort, The Warriors Who Shaped African History: The Horsemen of Oyo. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus. Wikimedia CommonsAn illustration of the murder of Commmodus. So superlatively mad had the abandoned wretch become that he renamed Rome Colonia Commodiana (the Colony of Commodus) and changed the names of the months to each reflect one of the many epithets he had bestowed upon himself. Gracchus and Commodus stared evenly at eachother, with mutual hatred. [21], Priscus refused to accept their acclamations, and Perennis had all the legionary legates in Britain cashiered. Commodus Takes The Throne In this scene from Gladiator, Commodus (played by Joaquin Phoenix) murders his father to seize the throne for himself. He is viewed as having been an inept emperor, his megalomaniac tendencies leading to odd behaviors which frustrated and upset the Roman people. The gladiator who defied an emperor. The Emperor and his son then travelled to Athens, where they were initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries. However, in private practice fights, Commodus would slay his opponents. The second, the freeman Cleander, he allowed to be torn apart by a mob who were outraged at the freemans abuses. Gladiator: How Commodus Died In Real Life & Who Killed Him, Gladiator: What Happened To Every Historical Character In Real Life. Commodus was succeeded by Pertinax, whose reign was short-lived; he would become the first claimant to be usurped during the Year of the Five Emperors. Commodus, the son of the famous Emperor Marcus Aurelius, lived an interesting life, combining 15 years of rule alongside his father with 16 years of chaos. Sources diverge on the origins of the conspiracy, with some claiming Lucilla was jealous of Commodus wife Crispina (incest between Commodus and Lucilla is suggested in Gladiator) while others maintain she saw the first warning signs of her brothers mental instability. Having been accepted as emperor by Syria, Judea and Egypt, Cassius carried on his rebellion even after it had become obvious that Marcus was still alive. The title suggests that Commodus was present at his father's victory over the Marcomanni. Cassius Dio recorded one incident where, after becoming tired out, Commodus ordered a cup of chilled wine to him and drank it at one gulp. In an amusing anecdote, Dio continued, At this both the populace and we senators all immediately shouted out the words so familiar at drinking-bouts, Long life to you!'. "Back!" he cried. @Roberto Peron, No, Marcus Aurelius was a philosopher (Stoic) the last of the 5 "Good Emperors" and maintained the "Pax Romana). He also reduced the silver purity from 79percent to 76percent the silver weight dropping from 2.57grams to 2.34grams. In AD 191, he took over more of the reins of power, though he continued to rule through a cabal consisting of Marcia, his new chamberlain Eclectus, and the new praetorian prefect Quintus Aemilius Laetus. The executions of the senators had whet his appetite for blood and he devoted himself to combats of wild beasts and of men. Not merely content to hunt in private, the emperor began to perform in the Colosseum itself, competing as a gladiator to the delight of the crowds and horror of the senate, as depicted in Gladiator. He engaged in one-on-one combat with many other gladiators, each of whom was obliged to lose to the emperor. In hindsight, he should have kept the tradition of adopting his successor, which would have resulted in an appointment based on merit. Salvius and Paternus were executed along with a number of other prominent consulars and senators. View GLADIATOR - CHW3M.docx from HIS CHW3M at Wexford Collegiate School for the Arts. [12][13][14] Commodus was the first (and until 337, the only) emperor "born in the purple," meaning during his father's reign. It worked and the Nerva-Antonine dynasty which had ruled Rome for nearly a century had come to an end and the city soon descended into civil war. During his solo reign, the Roman Empire enjoyed reduced military conflict compared with the reign of Marcus Aurelius. On 31 December 192 AD, Commodus's concubine [2] and conspirator Marcia poisoned Commodus's wine. They then sent in an athlete to strangle the 31-year old emperor in his bath. Upon his death, the Senate declared him a public enemy (a de facto damnatio memoriae) and restored the original name of the city of Rome and its institutions. The climax came in the year 190, which had 25 suffect consuls a record in the 1,000-year history of the Roman consulshipall appointed by Cleander (they included the future Emperor Septimius Severus). Later that year he adopted as his full style Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus Herculeus Romanus Exsuperatorius Amazonius Invictus Felix Pius (the order of some of these titles varies in the sources). "I won't be in here forever!" rasped Commodus. But in reality, it was marked the end of the promise of Rome. Commodus as Killing Machine and Gladiator Commodus as Megalomaniac The End of Commodus Like Father, Not Like Son Commodus's father Marcus Aurelius was a morally upright and beloved emperor who ruled Rome through a devastating plague epidemic and endless frontier wars against invading Germanic tribes. The legions were renamed Commodianae, the fleet which imported grain from Africa was termed Alexandria Commodiana Togata, the Senate was entitled the Commodian Fortunate Senate, his palace and the Roman people themselves were all given the name Commodianus, and the day on which these reforms were decreed was to be called Dies Commodianus. In November 192 he held the Plebian Games, in which he would use arrows and javelins to shoot hundreds of animals every morning, and then engaged in gladiator battles each afternoon. [15], On 23 December 176, the two imperatores celebrated a joint triumph. Speidel, "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army,", This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 22:16. 1475); the hero wears his characteristic lionskin and wields a club. Commodus mistress, Marcia, played an important role in his assassination. Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p.7. Upon his fathers death in 180, Commodus became the sole emperor. Jack is a feature writer for Screen Rant. It was reputed in local legend to be the seat of the god Wotan and to be haunted. ( Public Domain ). Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus was a corrupt ruler who was not well-received by the Roman people during his reign. By 192 A.D., the Roman people had had enough. [16] On 1 January 177, Commodus became consul for the first time, which made him, aged 15, the youngest consul up to that time (the minimum age for the consulship was around 30). Innumerable statues around the empire were set up portraying him in the guise of Hercules, reinforcing the image of him as a demigod, a physical giant, a protector, and a warrior who fought against men and beasts (see "Commodus and Hercules" and "Commodus the Gladiator" below). The ancient Greek city of Delphi, located on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, was home to the main Temple of Apollo and the renowned Oracle of Delphi. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. Striking story! Commodus subsequently accompanied his father on a lengthy trip to the Eastern provinces, during which he visited Antioch. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. At the end of June, a mob demonstrated against Cleander during a horse race in the Circus Maximus: he sent the Praetorian Guard to put down the disturbances, but Pertinax, who was now City Prefect of Rome, dispatched the Vigiles Urbani to oppose them. One of the ways he paid for his donatives (imperial handouts) and mass entertainments was to tax the senatorial order, and on many inscriptions, the traditional order of the two nominal powers of the state, the Senate and People (Senatus Populusque Romanus) is provocatively reversed (Populus Senatusque). The United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks not entertained? famous shipwrecks reduced military conflict with!, in private practice fights, Commodus 's opponents always submitted to the fabled Romana. 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