It was during his time in the Maze prison that Spence began to talk politics and encouraged others to do the same. He lived to see the end of The Troubles and a power-sharing administration in place at Stormont but with no presence from the group he represented. Augustus Gusty Spence (78), was convicted for a sectarian murder in 1966 and was a figurehead of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) which killed hundreds of people when the full violence of the Troubles began three years later. "The Dublin and Monaghan bombings: Cover-up and incompetence". [27][28] Spence respected some Irish republican paramilitaries, who he felt also lived as soldiers, and to this end he wrote a sympathetic letter to the widow of Official IRA leader Joe McCann after he was killed in 1972. This gang was led by Lenny Murphy. He was sworn in soon afterwards in a ceremony held in secret near Pomeroy, County Tyrone. In her address to the church congregation, Ms Purvis recalled how Mr Spence had been frank about his UVF role, but that he had often shocked loyalist contemporaries by his willingness to bring an end to conflict and build bridges between working class Protestants and Catholics. In May 1966, the UVF issued a statement, announcing that it was declaring war on the IRA. Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Augustus Andrew Spence (28 June 1933[2] 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. The widow of former PUP leader David Ervine, Jeanette, also attended. From that time until the early 1990s the Mid-Ulster Brigade was led by Robin "the Jackal" Jackson, who then passed the leadership to Billy Wright. [42], Spence was increasingly disillusioned with the UVF and he imparted these views to fellow inmates at Long Kesh. Afterwards a plot was concocted where his nephew Frankie Curry, also a UVF member, would drive Spence back to jail but the car would be stopped and Spence "kidnapped". Mr Lynch had many unionist friends, "some even politicians". During his time in prison Spence renounced violence and helped to convince a number of fellow inmates that the future of the UVF lay in a more political approach. [44], The brigade formed part of the Glenanne gang, a loose alliance of loyalist assassins which the Pat Finucane Centre has linked to 87 killings in the 1970s. She told mourners that he had made friends among republicans and socialists and among people from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Bates, employed as a barman at the Long Bar, was recruited into the Shankill Butchers gang in 1975 by its notorious ringleader, Lenny Murphy. In March and April that year, UVF and UPV members bombed water and electricity installations in Northern Ireland, blaming them on the dormant IRA and elements of the civil rights movement. Former UVF leader Gusty Spence (right) announced the loyalist ceasefires in 1994 THE Ulster Volunteer Force was outlawed after two Catholic men and a Protestant pensioner were killed by the. The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles. [21] The group called itself the "Ulster Volunteer Force" (UVF), after the Ulster Volunteers of the early 20th century, although in the words of a member of the previous organisation "the present para-military organisation has no connection with the U.V.F. [7] His family had a long tradition of Orange Order membership. [42] Both the UVF and the British Government have denied the claims. What's he waiting for? In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an organisation which was responsible for hundreds of sectarian murders during the Troubles. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Why Covid lab-leak theory is now being taken seriously, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. While republicans were the expressed target, the attacks that followed were explicitly sectarian. [82] The IICD confirmed that "substantial quantities of firearms, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices" had been decommissioned and that for the UVF and RHC, decommissioning had been completed. His conviction, which he always denied, has been referred to the Criminal Cases Review Commission by his family in light of new evidence being brought forward. Formed in 1965,[7] it first emerged in 1966. This era also saw a more widespread targeting on the UVF's part of IRA and Sinn Fin members, beginning with the killing of senior IRA member Larry Marley[62] and a failed attempt on the life of a leading republican which left three Catholic civilians dead. Fire also engulfed the house next door, killing the elderly Protestant widow, Matilda Gould (77), who lived there. He was born in the Shankill Road area of Belfast. The Irish Army set up field hospitals near the border. Since the ceasefire, the UVF has been involved in rioting, drug dealing, organised crime, loan-sharking and prostitution. [34] In December, the UVF detonated a car bomb near the Garda central detective bureau and telephone exchange headquarters in Dublin. The initial aim of Ulster Resistance was to bring an end to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. The community centre hosting the event and 25 nearby homes were evacuated and a funeral was disrupted. The no-warning car bombings had been carried out by units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades. Explosives for the north were mostly shipped in small boats which set out at night from the Scottish coast and made contact at sea with vessels from Ulster ports." Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. "[23] It was led by Gusty Spence, formerly a soldier in the British Army. [125] Members were disciplined after they carried out an unsanctioned theft of 8 million of paintings from an estate in Co Wicklow in April 1974. After his release December 1984, Spence was a key figure in developing UVF thinking and indirectly its political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party. My experience of Gusty was as the whole man. "On behalf of Sinn Fein I would wish to extend my condolences to his family at this time.". [46] Some of the new Brigade Staff members bore nicknames such as "Big Dog" and "Smudger". Read about our approach to external linking. "He was really a role model for many young men who would follow.". [10] Spence then found employment at the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast, where he worked as a stager (builder of the scaffolding in which the ships are constructed), a skilled job that commanded respect amongst working class Protestants and ensured for Spence a higher status within the Shankill. In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an organisation which was responsible for hundreds of sectarian murders during the Troubles. [28], By 1969, the Catholic civil rights movement had escalated its protest campaign, and O'Neill had promised them some concessions. [46] This resulted in a sharp increase in sectarian killings and internecine feuding, both with the UDA and within the UVF itself. VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. [32] Spence gave his permission for UVF brigadier Billy Hanna to establish the UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade in Lurgan. The UVF's leadership is based in Belfast and known as the Brigade Staff. Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric'. He died on 17 May 2009, from a suspected heart attack at his home and was given a paramilitary funeral by the UVF. ][102] On 11 April, the UVF reportedly ordered the removal of Catholic families from a housing estate in Carrickfergus. Accueil / Non class / gusty spence funeral; 15 Sep 0. gusty spence funeral . [30] As arranged, the car in which Spence was a passenger was stopped in Springmartin and Spence was taken away by UVF members. From late 1975 to mid-1977, a unit of the UVF dubbed the Shankill Butchers (a group of UVF men based on Belfast's Shankill Road) carried out a series of sectarian murders of Catholic civilians. Tributes were paid to former leading loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral in Belfast today. [128] Information regarding the role of women in the UVF is limited. "[154], According to Alan McQuillan, the assistant director of the Assets Recovery Agency in 2005, "In the loyalist community, drug dealing is run by the paramilitaries and it is generally run for personal gain by a large number of people." [18] Shortly after, Spence and three others were arrested. [81], In June 2009 the UVF formally decommissioned their weapons in front of independent witnesses as a formal statement of decommissioning was read by Dawn Purvis and Billy Hutchinson. After several years away from the spotlight, Spence was again asked to read the statement, a role which senior loyalists said was indicative of his significance within Northern Ireland loyalism. [70], There followed years of violence between the two organisations. The Sunday World's offices were also firebombed. [27] Spence appointed Samuel McClelland as UVF Chief of Staff in his stead. Mr Lynch died following a brief illness. [2] In 1978, Spence left the UVF altogether. ", "UVF orders removal of Catholic families from Carrickfergus housing estate in '21st century form of ethnic cleansing'. Twenty tons of ammonium nitrate was also stolen from the Belfast docks.[40]. Augustus Spence was born in a Protestant area of Belfast, not far from Shankill Road. His hearse bore a floral tribute that spelt out the word Granda, while relatives who spoke at the funeral recalled personal memories of a family man. [74], On 3 May 2007, following recent negotiations between the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern and with Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) Chief Constable Sir Hugh Orde, the UVF made a statement that they would transform to a "non-military, civilianised" organisation. Unable to find their target, the men drove around in search of any Catholic instead. Leading public figures were among the mourners, including former senior civil servant Maurice Hayes, former head of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission Monica McWilliams, and trade unionist Peter Bunting. It would attack the Republic again in May 1974, during the two-week Ulster Workers' Council strike. He was shot dead by the IRA in November 1982, four months after his release from the Maze Prison. . Recently it has emerged from the Police Ombudsman that senior North Belfast UVF member and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Special Branch informant Mark Haddock has been involved in drug dealing. [33] His fugitive status earned him the short-lived nickname the "Orange Pimpernel". Save up to 70% with our image packs Pre-pay for multiple images and download on demand. [11] Whenever it claimed responsibility for its attacks, the UVF usually claimed that those targeted were IRA members or were giving help to the IRA. Images Courtesy of Getty Images. [6] He was also a member of the Church Lads' Brigade, a Church of Ireland group and the Junior Orange Order. [39], The following year, 1972, was the most violent of the Troubles. 2023 BBC. With Moore now deceased, the only senior figure still alive is "Mr A". [22] Spence's involvement in the killings gave him legendary status among many young loyalists and he was claimed as an inspiration by the likes of Michael Stone. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. [21] Spence later wrote "At the time, the attitude was that if you couldn't get an IRA man you should shoot a Taig, he's your last resort". Along with the UDA, it helped to enforce the strike by blocking roads, intimidating workers, and shutting any businesses that opened. They were blamed by the PSNI on members of the UVF, who also said UVF guns had been used to try to kill police officers. Tributes were paid to former leading loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral in Belfast today. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Brian Ervine said: "His contribution to the peace is incalculable and without him, probably the paramilitaries would still be at war. [53] Spence, a talented footballer in his youth with Old Lodge F.C., was a lifelong supporter of Linfield F.C. "The untouchable informers facing exposure at last". A number of friends and family members spoke at the service at St Michael's Church of Ireland on the Shankill Road. [98], On 23 March 2019, eleven alleged UVF members were arrested during a total of 14 searches conducted in Belfast, Newtownards and Comber and the suspects, aged between 22 and 48, were taken into police custody for questioning. [68], According to journalist and author Ed Moloney, the UVF campaign in Mid-Ulster in this period "indisputably shattered Republican morale", and put the leadership of the republican movement under intense pressure to "do something",[69] although this has been disputed by others.[who?]. In October, UVF and UPV member Thomas McDowell was killed by the bomb he was planting at Ballyshannon power station. View discounts Available for editorial and personal use only. The former loyalist paramilitary leader Gusty Spence has died in hospital. Is UVFs Beast in the East behind new wave of riots? 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[35], In January 1970, the UVF began bombing Catholic-owned businesses in Protestant areas of Belfast. Six of the victims were abducted at random, then beaten and tortured before having their throats slashed. [8], Spence took various manual jobs in the area until joining the British Army in 1957 as a member of the Royal Ulster Rifles. VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. [118] In the late summer and autumn of 1973, the UVF detonated more bombs than the UDA and IRA combined,[119] and by the time of the group's temporary ceasefire in late November it had been responsible for over 200 explosions that year. Gusty Spence announced the loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. [38] This came to a climax on 4 December, when the UVF bombed McGurk's Bar, a Catholic-owned pub in Belfast. In keeping with his wishes, there were no paramilitary trappings and his coffin was draped with the regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles, in which he served. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade carried out further attacks during this same period. for a proxy bomb attack targeting a "peace-building" event in Belfast where Irish Foreign Minister Simon Coveney was speaking. In the 1960s, he founded the Ulster Volunteer Force, which was responsible for hundreds of murders during the Troubles. Sun 25 Sep 2011 13.46 EDT. The party's former leader Dawn Purvis told his funeral in the loyalist heartland of Belfasts Shankill Road that Mr Spence became involved in violence in the 1960s. [2] He was sent to Crumlin Road Prison. The UVF launched further attacks in the Republic of Ireland during December 1972 and January 1973, when it detonated three car bombs in Dublin and one in Belturbet, County Cavan, killing a total of five civilians. Mr Lynch's widow, Norma, recollected last night that the late Catholic primate of Ireland, Cardinal O Fiaich, had said that "if there was a hope for peace in Ireland it would come through Gusty". [1] Spence, along with other Shankill Road loyalists, broke from Paisley in 1965 when they sided with Jim Kilfedder in a row that followed the latter's campaigns in Belfast West. Gusty Spence was a significant figure in loyalist Belfast for most of . It began carrying out gun attacks to kill random Catholic civilians and using car bombs to attack Catholic-owned pubs. [140][141], In contrast to the IRA, overseas support for loyalist paramilitaries including the UVF has been limited. The UVF was also clashing with the UDA in the summer of 2000. "Sunningdale pushed hard-liners into fatal outrages in 1974". Gusty Spence received primary education at Riddell Memorial (1938-43) and Hemsworth Square (1943-7) public elementary schools, both in the Shankill area. "We have to get in there, and stay in there," he continued, remembering that "it took several hundred years to bring about this situation, so we must have a little bit of patience. The arms are thought to have consisted of: The UVF used this new infusion of arms to escalate their campaign of sectarian assassinations. [155], Billy Wright, the commander of the UVF Mid-Ulster Brigade, is believed to have started dealing drugs in 1991[156] as a lucrative sideline to paramilitary murder. He was jailed for life for the murder of a Catholic barman in 1966 and served 18 years in prison. [151][152] These shipments were considered enough for the UVF/UDA to wage its campaign, most of which were used to kill its victims. She said: "Some people have said that in his later life, he changed to become committed to peace. [36] It also continued its attacks in the Republic of Ireland, bombing the Dublin-Belfast railway line, an electricity substation, a radio mast, and Irish nationalist monuments. Malcolm Sutton's Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland, part of the Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN), states that the UVF and RHC was responsible for at least 485 killings during the Troubles, and lists a further 256 loyalist killings that have not yet been attributed to a particular group. On the basis of that, we as a federation have called for the respecification of the UVF [stating that its ceasefire is over]. Grob-Fitzgibbon, Benjamin. F". "[56], His funeral service was held in St Michael's Church of Ireland on the Shankill Road. [92], During the Belfast City Hall flag protests of 201213, senior UVF members were confirmed to have actively been involved in orchestrating violence and rioting against the PSNI and the Alliance Party throughout Northern Ireland during the weeks of disorder. Edward's son Ronnie was active in the Official IRA and then the INLA, serving a sentence on the INLA wing of the Maze prison while his uncle was on the UVF wing. They shot John Scullion, a Catholic civilian, as he walked home. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Why Covid lab-leak theory is now being taken seriously, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. [29], Spence was granted two days leave around in early July 1972 to attend the wedding of his daughter Elizabeth to Winston Churchill "Winkie" Rea. In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an organisation which was responsible for hundreds of sectarian murders during the Troubles. She is committed to explaining your options. Hanna and Jackson have both been implicated by journalist Joe Tiernan and RUC Special Patrol Group (SPG) officer John Weir as having led one of the units that bombed Dublin. Video, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story, Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, Dozens of girls treated after new Iran poisonings, Prince Andrew offered Frogmore Cottage - reports, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Beer and wine sales in Canada fall to all-time low, Man survives 31 days in jungle by eating worms, Havana Syndrome unlikely to have hostile cause - US. [29], On 12 October, a loyalist protest in the Shankill became violent. Mein Nisinta Seirbhse Poibl na hireann, Originally Published / Wednesday, 28 Sep 2011. He was OC of the IRA in the Cavan area during the Border campaign in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Assistant chief constable Drew Harris in a statement said "The UVF are subject to an organised crime investigation as an organised crime group. [79], In 2008, a loyalist splinter group calling itself the "Real UVF" emerged briefly to make threats against Sinn Fin in County Fermanagh. [85][86] Fifty-year-old Stockman was stabbed more than 10 times in a supermarket in Belfast; the attack was believed to have been linked to the Moffett killing. He then became involved in politics and announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. [134] Like the IRA, the UVF also operated black taxi services,[135][136][137] a scheme believed to have generated 100,000 annually for the organisation. [2] He rose to the rank of Provost Sergeant (battalion police). Along with the newly formed Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the UVF started an armed campaign against the Catholic population of Northern Ireland. SENIOR UVF figures have warned loyalists will "wreck the place" and "the streets will be in flames" if any Brexit deal between the UK and EU does not . [12] Due to his later involvement in a murder, Spence was expelled from the Orange Order and the Royal Black Institution. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. [9] Spence served until 1961 when ill-health forced him to leave. In October 1994, he was chosen to read a statement from the Combined Loyalist Military Command declaring a cessation of violence and expressing abject and true remorse for the deaths caused. Veteran anti-UVF campaigner Raymond McCord, whose son, Raymond Jr., a Protestant, was beaten to death by UVF men in 1997, estimates the UVF has killed more than thirty people since its 1994 ceasefire, most of them Protestants. "He was an Irishman and looked upon himself as an Ulster Irishman as well as being British. [20], In October 1966, Spence was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Ward, although Spence has always claimed he was innocent. [158] Loyalists in Portadown such as Bobby Jameson have stated that the LVF (the Mid-Ulster Brigade that broke away from the main UVF - and led by Billy Wright) was not a 'loyalist organisation but a drugs organisation causing misery in Portadown. Without him, probably the paramilitaries would still be at war himself as an organised crime loan-sharking! Emerged in 1966 - BBC reporter in Greece new infusion of arms to escalate their campaign of sectarian.. Youth with Old Lodge F.C., was a lifelong supporter of Linfield F.C I wish. 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