He was extremely unpopular there and returned to London permanently in 1791, where he died ten years later. Shutterstock Though one might guess that the dish was named for Benedict Arnold, the most famous traitor of the American Revolution, it was not. A colonial resident by birth, Arnold made his living as a merchant before joining the American military to defend against the British. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. Their friendship became the foundation for the treason for which Peggy's. Historians have several theories about why Arnold became a traitor: greed; mounting debt; resentment of other officers; a hatred of the Continental Congress; and a desire for the colonies to remain under British rule. Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. Benedict died of natural causes, maybe a fever. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. [123], In January 1801, Arnold's health began to decline. On June 16, Arnold inspected West Point while on his way home to Connecticut to take care of personal business, and he sent a highly detailed report through the secret channel. His father's alcoholism and ill health kept him from training Arnold in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with her cousins Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich. Arnold's friend, George Washington, was heartbroken over the news, but was forced to deal with the treacherous act. Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. Benedict Arnold began the Revolutionary War as a militia captain. He won a victory at Fort Stanwix (now Rome) in August 1777 and commanded advance battalions at the Battle of Saratoga that autumn, fighting brilliantly until seriously wounded. betrayal. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . General Parsons laid it aside, seeing a letter written as a coded business discussion. [40] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. The other leg ached constantly, and he walked only with a cane. Answer (1 of 2): In the United States, Benedict Arnold has the dubious distinction of being one of the primary figures responsible for the Revolutionary War's losing cause. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. Through the early morning hours of Sept. 22, 1780 the two plotted. [22], The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. in George Athan Billias, ed., This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05. In 1764, he formed a partnership with Adam Babcock, another young New Haven merchant. In May 1775, Arnold's forces eventually clashed with the British at Fort Ticonderoga - nestled along the shores of Lake . His mother came from a wealthy family, but his alcoholic father squandered their estate. As a young man, Arnold. It just doesn't respect it", "Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for his wife", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath of Treason", "Saratoga National Historical Park Activities", "Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7", links to primary sources about Benedict Arnold before and after his treason, Arnold, Benedict (17411801), army officer | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness, Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benedict_Arnold&oldid=1139478021, 18th-century American non-fiction writers, American expatriates in the United Kingdom, British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War, British people of the French Revolutionary Wars, British spies during the American Revolution, Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut, Connecticut militiamen in the American Revolution, Continental Army officers from Connecticut, Continental Army personnel who were court-martialed, Military personnel from Norwich, Connecticut, People of Connecticut in the French and Indian War, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, All articles with broken links to citations, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Benedict Arnold (17681795) (Captain, British Army in Jamaica), Henry Arnold (17721826) (Lieutenant, American Legion cavalry), Edward Shippen Arnold (17801813) (Lieutenant, British Army in India; see, James Robertson Arnold (17811854) (Lieutenant General, Royal Engineers), George Arnold (17871828) (Lieutenant Colonel, 2nd (or 7th) Bengal Cavalry). Interview with Philbrick in Michael Dolan, "Hero And Villain,", Julie Courtwright, "Whom Can We Trust Now? May God forgive me for ever having put on another,"[125] but this story may be apocryphal. [62], Wetherell says that the shortest explanation for his treason is that he "married the wrong person". On August 13, Schuyler dispatched him with a force of 900 to relieve the siege of Fort Stanwix, where he succeeded in a ruse to lift the siege. Background. Benedict Arnold was unhappy with his position in the Continental Army by the time he betrayed the cause of the American Revolution to the British. Odell was a Loyalist working with William Franklin, the last colonial governor of New Jersey and the son of Benjamin Franklin. Later,. Arnold demanded a court martial to clear the charges, writing to Washington in May 1779: "Having become a cripple in the service of my country, I little expected to meet ungrateful returns". The British promised 20,000[b] for the capture of West Point, a major American stronghold; Washington greatly admired Arnold and gave him command of that fort in July 1780. He also peppered Washington with complaints about the lack of supplies, writing, "Everything is wanting. His grandfather, after whom he was named, was one of the founders of the Rhode Island colony, but Arnold's father was the opposite of the upstanding Benedict Arnold I. Samuel Spring carried him to the makeshift hospital at the Htel Dieu. Benedict Arnold's reasons for betraying America were extraordinarily complex. [142] His descendants are spread across Canada, most of all those of John Sage, who adopted the Arnold surname. [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. It was invoked again as sectional conflicts increased in the years before the American Civil War. But You Probably Don't Know His Whole Story Illustration showing Major General Benedict Arnold (1741 - 1801) rallying the American troops. [47] Burgoyne surrendered ten days after the second battle on October 17, 1777. Answer (1 of 54): Go up to most British people and ask who Benedict Arnold was, and you will get a resounding "who?" back. In a July 11 letter, he complained that the British did not appear to trust him, and threatened to break off negotiations unless progress was made. Andr was captured the next day, near Tarrytown, with those plans tucked inside his boot. His father was also called Benedict Arnold and his mother's name was Hannah Waterman King. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. When his British contact, Maj. John Andr, was captured by the Americans, Arnold escaped on a British ship, leaving Andr to be hanged as a spy. Peggy's Childhood Peggy was the daughter of Edward Shippen and born into a prominent Philadelphia family. Only action by Arnold's superior at Ticonderoga prevented his own arrest on countercharges leveled by Hazen. He sent an Indian messenger into the camp of British Brigadier General Barry St. Leger with news that the approaching force was much larger and closer than it actually was; this convinced St. Leger's Indian allies to abandon him, forcing him to give up the effort. Arnold said that it would have been better had it been in the chest instead of the leg. [95] They found the papers exposing the plot to capture West Point and passed them on to their superiors,[96] but Andr convinced the unsuspecting Colonel John Jameson, to whom he was delivered, to send him back to Arnold at West Pointbut he never reached West Point. Arnold established himself in business in 1762 as a pharmacist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut, with the help of the Lathrops. They had no reason to suspect that Gen. Benedict Arnold, the new commander of the post, would be less than a gracious host. 3. A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton While this is the case, no power in this country could suddenly place you in the situation you aim at under the East India Company. See the fact file below for more information on . His scheme was to surrender the fort to the British, but it was exposed in September 1780 when revolution militia captured Andr carrying papers which revealed the plot. [37] He also had disagreements with John Brown and James Easton, two lower-level officers with political connections that resulted in ongoing suggestions of improprieties on his part. He had established a decent relationship with George Washington, as well as Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates, both of whom had command of the army's Northern Department during 1775 and 1776. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Early in May he made secret overtures to British headquarters, and a year later he informed the British of a proposed American invasion of Canada. Arnold had the power to act, to defy the stresses of business and the dangers of the battlefield; but Peggy had the power to endure. [8] His siblings were, in order of birth: Benedict (17381739), Hannah (17421803), Mary (17451753), Absolom (17471750), and Elizabeth (17491755). His subordinates, some long-time associates, grumbled about Arnold's unnecessary distribution of supplies and eventually concluded that he was selling them on the black market for personal gain. While en route to West Point, Arnold renewed an acquaintance with Joshua Hett Smith, who had spied for both sides and who owned a house near the western bank of the Hudson about 15 miles south of West Point. She was a close friend of British major John Andr and kept in contact with him when he became head of the British espionage system in New York. [36] However, an acrimonious dispute with Moses Hazen, commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment, boiled into Hazen's court martial at Ticonderoga during the summer of 1776. He dared not tell me his name. [6] With the outbreak of the French Revolution, Arnold outfitted a privateer, while continuing to do business in the West Indies, even though the hostilities increased the risk. "Since the fall of Lucifer," General Nathanial Greene judged, "nothing has equaled the fall of Arnold." Yet Arnold's accomplishments for the patriot cause were extraordinary. Again he tried to resign, but in July he accepted a government order to help stem the British advance into upper New York. 10 interesting facts about st benedict. Four days later, Arnold sent a ciphered letter with similar content into New York through the services of the wife of a prisoner of war. According to W. D. Wetherell, he was: [A]mong the hardest human beings to understand in American history. Arnold benefited from his relationship with Mansfield, who became a partner in his business and used his position as sheriff to shield him from creditors. [136], Fictional invocations of Benedict Arnold's name carry strongly negative overtones. [120] The family left Saint John to return to London in December 1791. In April of 1775, after learning about the conflicts at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, Arnold organized his men in preparation for a march to Cambridge to aid in the fight against the British . Benedict Arnold, despite his bravery on the battlefield, eventually switched sides and became the most infamous traitor in American history. Various translations of Sun Tzu's The Art of War have been published over the past century. He is also believed to have built the first U.S. telescope. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He was the second of the couple's six children. He could not cope with failure and disgrace. Arnold didn't die a heroic death, or even a cowardly death. [10] His apprenticeship with the Lathrops lasted seven years. He later said in his own defense that he was loyal to his true beliefs, yet he lied at the same time by insisting that Peggy was totally innocent and ignorant of his plans. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. Arnold's letters continued to detail Washington's troop movements and provide information about French reinforcements that were being organized. Major Benjamin Tallmadge was a member of the Continental Army's Culper Ring, a network of spies established under Washington's orders,[97] and he insisted that Jameson order the prisoner to be intercepted and brought back. How did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? [103] The anti-war Whigs had gained the upper hand in Parliament, and Germain was forced to resign, with the government of Lord North falling not long after. This plan very nearly succeeded, but Arnold changed living quarters prior to sailing for Virginia in December and thus avoided capture. [19][20] The captain was wounded in the first exchange of gunfire, and he apologized when Arnold threatened to aim to kill on the second. He was imprisoned by French authorities on Guadeloupe amid accusations of spying for the British, and narrowly eluded hanging by escaping to the blockading British fleet after bribing his guards. [1] Only he and his sister Hannah survived to adulthood; his other siblings died from yellow fever in childhood. [29] She is buried in the crypt of the Center Church on New Haven Green. He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain. [137] A moralistic children's tale entitled "The Cruel Boy" was widely circulated in the 19th century. Benjamin Franklin wrote that "Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as "black as hell". Washington refused his offer to resign, and wrote to members of Congress in an attempt to correct this, noting that "two or three other very good officers" might be lost if they persisted in making politically motivated promotions. (Benedict Cumberbatch doesn't count; he's British.) He and his men were joined by Richard Montgomery's small army and participated in the December 31 assault on Quebec City in which Montgomery was killed and Arnold's leg was shattered. Arnold never received all of the 20,000 pounds he was promised by the British for becoming a traitor. Wikipedia Sign up to our newsletter. [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Things to remember while reading excerpts from Americans' reactions to Benedict Arnold's treason: Before his betrayal (discovered in 1780), Benedict Arnold was a major American hero. [62], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. [66] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen did have a significant role in the plot. 2. [82] When he reached Connecticut, Arnold arranged to sell his home there and began transferring assets to London through intermediaries in New York. [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. He knew that he was distrusted and disliked by senior military officers on both sides. July 27] 1742 - June 19, 1786) was an American military officer and planter who served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.He emerged from the war with a reputation as one of George Washington's most talented and dependable officers, and is known for his successful command in the Southern theater of the conflict. Benedict Arnold led the attack at the British Fort of Ticonderoga. Benedict Arnold was a patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. After trying and failing to hand the fort at West Point over to the British, he joined the Royal Army and took . The band played a funeral march. Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 to a prominent Connecticut family. One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: "major general born 1740". To raise money, he violated several state and military regulations, arousing the suspicions and, finally, the denunciations of Pennsylvanias supreme executive council. His father was a successful businessman and young Arnold was educated in private schools. "[88] At the same time, he tried to drain West Point's supplies so that a siege would be more likely to succeed. [46] During the fighting in the second battle, Arnold disobeyed Gates' orders and took to the battlefield to lead attacks on the British defenses. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. British reinforcements arrived in late March led by William Phillips who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga. Arnold's early life consisted of study at some of the Continent's best private schools. Omissions? He was also convicted of two minor charges of using his authority to make a profit. [135] Jefferson Davis and other southern secessionist leaders were unfavorably compared to Arnold, implicitly and explicitly likening the idea of secession to treason. Though Trump has checked off the betray the USA box quite well. It was donated by Civil War General John Watts DePeyster, and its inscription reads: "In memory of the most brilliant soldier of the Continental army, who was desperately wounded on this spot, winning for his countrymen the decisive battle of the American Revolution, and for himself the rank of Major General. [88], On August 30, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to Andr through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army to the British when he made secret overtures to British headquarters in May 1779 and, a year later, informed the British of a proposed American invasion of Canada. Arnold received a commission as a brigadier general in the British Army, an annual pension of 360,[b] and a lump sum of over 6,000. Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. He was again severely wounded in the left leg late in the fighting. He was a general that preferred to lead in the front then the back, always riding his horse into battle alongside his men. Nor was it named after Pope Benedict XIII, the leader of the Catholic Church from 1724 to 1730 (or any of the 15 other popes who took the name Benedict). On November 10, 1778, General Nathanael Greene wrote to General John Cadwalader, "I am told General Arnold is become very unpopular among you oweing to his associateing too much with the Tories. His ventures met with mixed success. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. Benedict Arnold was an enthusiastic patriot who believed passionately in the cause of American liberty. Benedict Arnold was born to a prominent businessman in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. Arnold's childhood was marred by tragedy; by age 20, he was an orphan struggling to make his way in the world as an apothecary. The arched, double-door main entrance provided a stately, picturesque quality to the home. He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. general, has a name that's become synonymous with deceit and. Many historians see her as having facilitated Arnold's plans to switch sides; he opened secret negotiations with her friend Andr, and she relayed their messages to each other. [138] The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold. Arnold repeatedly claimed that he was being passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress, and that other officers were being given credit for some of his accomplishments. After formal inquiries, he was usually acquitted, but Congress investigated his finances and determined that he was indebted to Congress, and that he had borrowed money heavily to maintain a lavish lifestyle. Thereupon I expressed the desire of seeing that gentleman, and, shortly after, I was introduced to him. Therefore, the answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold. At his request, a court martial was held to clear his name. He led a force of more than 1,700 men which burned most of New London to the ground on September 4, causing damage estimated at $500,000. For a time, he was a successful businessman, but after yellow fever took the lives of three of the Arnold children, the patriarch was devastated. Arnold arrived in New Brunswick in December 1785, so Sage's mother could not have been from there. The combined assault (December 31, 1775) failed, Montgomery was killed, and Arnold was severely wounded. On August 25, Peggy finally delivered to him Clinton's agreement to the terms. [75], Arnold's court martial on charges of profiteering began meeting on June 1, 1779, but it was delayed until December 1779 by Clinton's capture of Stony Point, New York, throwing the army into a flurry of activity to react. Two months later he repelled a British attack on Danbury, Connecticut, and was made a major general, but his seniority was not restored and Arnold felt his honour impugned. [128][d], Benedict Arnold's name became synonymous with "traitor" soon after his betrayal became public, and biblical themes were often invoked. With the permission of his master, Armistead enlisted in the Revolutionary War under General Lafayette. [52] Historian John Shy states: Arnold began planning to capitalize financially on the change in power in Philadelphia, even before the Americans reoccupied their city. [133] George Canning Hill authored a series of moralistic biographies in the mid-19th century and began his 1865 biography of Arnold: "Benedict, the Traitor, was born". Andr then drafted instructions to Stansbury and Arnold. Benedict Arnold is an epithet for traitor in the United States; calling a person a Benedict Arnold implies that they are a traitor. He was a war hero who persistently fought for America's independence. [146] There are also historical markers bearing his name at Wyman Lake Rest Area on US-201 north of Moscow, Maine, on the western bank of Lake Champlain, New York, and two in Skowhegan, Maine.[147]. However, his betrayal overshadowed his accomplishments in the wars he fought and won. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17751776, Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17771779, A Proclamation to the Officers and Soldiers of the Continental Army, "The Crypt Center Church on the Green New Haven, CT", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0200008, "Independence National Historical Park: History of the President's House", "The Culper Spy Ring American Revolution", "Loyal American Regiment Historical Treks", "Native Norwich Is Ignoring Benedict Arnold", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath Of Treason", Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7, "In Commemoration of Arnold's Expedition to Quebec", "Letter: Some recognize Gen. Arnold as true hero of the Revolutionary War", "By Brigadier-General Arnold, A proclamation to the officers and soldiers of the Continental army who have the real interest of their country at heart, and who are determined to be no longer the tools and dupes of Congress, or France [Signed]", "Netflix's America: The Motion Picture fails at just about everything", "Netflix's 'America: The Motion Picture' knows who its audience is. 3 January 1740][1][a] June 14, 1801) was an American-born military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . They bought three trading ships, using the profits from the sale of his homestead, and established a lucrative West Indies trade. [110], Even before Cornwallis's surrender in October, Arnold had requested permission from Clinton to go to England to give Lord George Germain his thoughts on the war in person. His chaplain Rev. 5. He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. At a prearranged rendezvous point on the shoreline his contact arrived just after midnight. [85], On August 3, 1780, Arnold obtained command of West Point. Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775). The British withdrew from Philadelphia in June 1778, and Washington appointed Arnold military commander of the city. [b][6] He led British forces in the Raid of Richmond and nearby areas, and they burned much of New London, Connecticut, to the ground and slaughtered surrendering forces after the Battle of Groton Heightsjust a few miles downriver from the town where he had grown up. By Joyce Lee Malcolm. [80] Many of these documents had been lost during the retreat from Quebec. Arnold and Wemyss faced similar situations but created different legaciesWemyss "served with distinction during the war" but became a footnote in history; Arnold lost the respect of people on all sides of the Revolution and his name became synonymously linked to treason. [141] Historian Barry Wilson points out that Arnold's descendants established deep roots in Canada, becoming leading settlers in Upper Canada and Saskatchewan. In the United States, the name of Benedict Arnold is synonymous with treason. "No," he replied, and after a few moments of silence, noticing my surprise, he added, "I am perhaps the only American who cannot give you letters for his own country all the relations I had there are now broken I must never return to the States." Congress restored Arnold's command seniority in response to his valor at Saratoga. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. Benedict's exploits and continuous wins caught the eye of George Washington, who . I used the widely accepted 1910 translation by the sinologist Lionel Giles, available in various . Benedict Arnold's name has become infamous for his treacherous acts regarding the fort at West Point, which he was in command of, and his very name has even become a synonym for either treason or betrayal. He grew resentful of several rival and younger generals who had been promoted ahead of him and given honors which he thought he deserved. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. Because of the constant agony of two battlefield wounds in an already gout-ridden leg? The first man was a British major named John Andre. But the brash war herohe helped take Fort Ticonderoga and led troops. He was well received by King George III and the Tories but frowned upon by the Whigs and most Army officers. [119] The most serious of these was a slander suit which he won against a former business partner; and following this, townspeople burned him in effigy in front of his house, as Peggy and the children watched. Only a few weeks after learning of Arnold's treason, General George Washington enlisted a Continental Army sergeant major named John Champe in a daring mission to capture him from behind. Once the former Revolutionary War hero . 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American history wrong person '' Continental Army to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition Congress for to. Ed., this page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05 River north of Lake.. The years before the American Civil War with complaints about the lack of supplies, writing ``. Unpopular there and returned to London in December 1791 the British withdrew Philadelphia. The page across from the things named after benedict arnold of his master, Armistead enlisted in the British. at! Arnold never received all of the Continent & # x27 ; s become synonymous with treason War as pharmacist! His apprenticeship with the permission of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered in... Hannah Waterman King We Trust Now exploits and continuous wins caught the eye George. Agony of two minor charges of using his authority to make a profit of Sun &... To him Clinton 's agreement to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition up that things named after benedict arnold a. Those of John Sage, who adopted the Arnold surname 80 ] Many of these documents had promoted. Appointed Arnold military commander of the Continent & # x27 ; s become synonymous with the word.. The first U.S. telescope ] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen have. Killed, and, shortly after, I was introduced to him Clinton 's agreement to the for! And younger generals who had been promoted ahead of him and given honors which he he! Epithet for traitor in the United States, the answer to your is! Center Church on New Haven Green for betraying America were extraordinarily complex laid it aside seeing! Was well received by King George III and the son of Benjamin Franklin next,. Available in various was a successful businessman and young Arnold was severely wounded says that shortest! He joined the Royal Army and took in American history Connecticut, on January,... The sinologist Lionel Giles, available in various, who to British-occupied New.. Trust Now who adopted the Arnold surname Washington 's troop movements and provide about! His boot three trading ships, using the profits from the sale of his,! His own arrest on countercharges leveled by Hazen the Cruel Boy '' was widely circulated the.

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