[citation needed], The Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. THE government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic has petitioned the District Court for the NMI to enforce foreign arbitral awards against Bridge Capital LLC and its principal John Baldwin in the total amount of $5,026,983.98. Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. Southeast Asia is a region in the southern part of Asia that is composed of 11 countries: Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand . Find professional Laos Capital videos and stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. The city of Vientiane is located on the Mekong River's bank near the Laos-Thailand border, and is the seat of the countrys national government. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. The city has a tropical monsoon climate, every month . The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. [9] Durante o quarto milnio a.C., frascos de sepultamento e outros tipos de sepulcros sugerem uma sociedade complexa em que os objetos de bronze . Photo: Tango7174, CC BY-SA 4.0. Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). Buddha park in Vientiane, Laos. Origins of the Lao Kingdom. The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . As a result, newly elected US president John F. Kennedy authorized the recruitment of ethnic minorities in Laos to participate in covert military operations against the spread of communism. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". [89], The European Union,[90] UNHCHR, and international groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation. Built on three levels, it symbolises the ascent from earth to heaven. Area 236,800 sq km (91,400 sq miles) Major languages Lao, French. "Laos refuses to take back Thai-based Hmong refugees", Smith, Philip, Washington, D.C. (12 December 2014), Kyophilavong, Phouphet, et al. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. Sticky rice is a staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. Laos locked down its capital and closed its international borders to most traffic Thursday after identifying a COVID-19 cluster connected to its bigger neighbor Thailand. Laos is now an independent country with an elected government, and Vientiane is its official capital. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Since July, 2021 the United States has shared 2,908,440 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of Laos - free of cost. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. Its international borders were closed except to trucks carrying goods and in cases allowed by the nation's COVID . Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. Vientiane Capital, the capital city of Lao PDR, is a small, relaxed city, located in the central of Laos. Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). [78] Of those Hmong who did return to Laos, some quickly escaped back to Thailand, describing discrimination and brutal treatment at the hands of Lao authorities. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. Compared to the hectic, bustling capitals in other South . According to the International Monetary Fund, as of 01.01.2020, they amounted to USD 1.128 million. A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China's outsized . More than 540 mineral deposits of gold, copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined. Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. Laos is the only landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. The capital city of Hanoi is ready to further expand friendship and cooperation activities in various fields, including those of people-elected . His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. "Patuxai is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, which was built between 1957 and 1968. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. Other Buddhist holy places are Wat Ong . Jaew can refer to any type of dipping sauce, of which Laos has a never ending abundance. Asia. In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. Evidence for modern human presence in the northern and central highlands of Indochina, that constitute the territories of the modern Laotian nation-state dates back to the Lower Paleolithic. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). Even the capital Vientiane feels like a relaxed riverfront town. A Siamese military campaign in Laos in 1876 was described by a British observer as having been "transformed into slave-hunting raids on a large scale".[37]. . "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. Vientiane authorities have pledged to carry out 30 large-scale development projects from now until 2025 in a bid to accelerate the Lao capital's economic growth. When Fa Ngum was a baby, his grandfather, the reigning king, expelled Fa Ngum's father . [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. Today, it remains the unofficial tourist capital. Get an insider's access to these Asia's exotic countries: Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.Discover: Bangkok (the capital and most populous city of Thailand, is known for its street life, cultural landmarks, spicy food and Buddhist temples); up next go travel to Hanoi (the capital of Vietnam, is known for its centuries-old architecture and a rich . Fa Ngum was born into the royal family in Muang Sua, the capital of a small state ruled by King Souvanna Khampong. He has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, a position making him the de facto leader of Laos, since January 2021. The khaen traditionally accompanied the singer in mor lam, the dominant style of folk music. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. [113] A number of citizens, primarily women and girls from all ethnic groups and foreigners, have been victims of sex trafficking in Laos. O crnio de pelo menos 46 mil anos de idade, tornando-se o mais antigo fssil humano encontrado at hoje no sudeste da sia. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. The indigenous Khmers are believed to have been largely displaced or killed during the 11th and 12th centuries, when the Lao people entered the region. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the Thai border.Vientiane was the administrative capital . Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. [165] The 2017 documentary feature film Blood Road was predominantly shot and produced in Laos with assistance from the Lao government, it was recognised with a News and Documentary Emmy Award in 2018. Pr-histria. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. Vientiane is the capital and largest city in Laos. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. The capital is Vientiane (Lao: Viangchan), located on the Mekong River in the northern portion of the country. [141] Laos's progress is notable in comparison to similar developing countries. The streets are lined with trees, French colonial buildings, street markets, Buddhist temples, and noodle shops. [179] Only 3.5% of women and 2.1% of men between the ages of 1549 were in a polygamous union as of 2017. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. "Last month, they the authorities told us they're going to . The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. [143], The term "Laotian" does not necessarily refer to the Lao language, ethnic Lao people, language or customs. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid-16th century. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. In 2009, despite the fact that the government is still officially communist, the Obama administration in the US declared Laos was no longer a MarxistLeninist state and lifted bans on Laotian companies receiving financing from the US Export-Import Bank.[117][118]. Capital: Vientiane. A new province, Xaisomboun province , was established on 13 December 2013. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. Patuxay, Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in the morning at at Patuxai. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. Travel over the land is hard. Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. This slim paperback by Sam Brier and Phouphanomlack (Tee) Sangkhampone boasts an intuitive, sound-based way to learn the written Lao alphabet and sounds of the Lao language. Vakulchuk, R., Chan, H.Y., Kresnawan, M.R., Merdekawati, M., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H.F., Suryadi, B., Utama, N.A. English, the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has become increasingly studied in recent years. [47][52] Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries. During World War II, the city was briefly captured by Japan, but quickly recaptured by the French. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. Bangkok (AFP) - A new $6 billion Chinese-built railway line opens in Laos this week, bringing hopes of an economic boost to the reclusive nation, but experts are questioning the benefits . His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. Xinhua That Luang Festival celebrated in Vientiane, Laos Candlelight parade surrounding the That Luang Stupa in Lao capital Vientiane on the night of Nov. 11, 2019. . [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. The city's central river port location in a country relying heavily on its rivers for transportation and its surrounding hinterland of intensive rice cultivation have made Vientiane the major economic centre of Laos. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. The city also has a well-developed economy and a thriving tourism sector that attracts a large number of international investors. [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. One of the most problematic economic sectors in Laos is transport. Laos is a Lao speaking country that does not border with any sea. Very few of the Lao refugees, however, were willing to return voluntarily. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is a developing country ruled by a one-party, Communist government. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. [12] Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . Of the many beautiful Wats in Vientiane, a visit to Wat Sisaket is a must; built in 1818, this is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. Patuxay Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in morning at at Patuxai. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. Laos is thus the 22nd biggest country in Asia and in terms of area ranked 84th worldwide. has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . A coup d'tat in 1960 in the Lao capital, Vientiane, deepened the country's political instability. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 16% of total exports or US$270.3million in 2010, growing in nominal terms to US$484.2million (12.5% of the total) in 2020. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. Major religion Buddhism. [139]:8 Songthaews are used in the country for long-distance and local public transport.

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